It is remarkable that a Peruvian tradition declares the first missionaries of civilization who visited them to have been white and bearded.  ‘This may remind us,’ says Prescott, ’of the tradition existing among the Aztecs, in respect to Quetzalcoatl, the good deity, who, with a similar garb and aspect, came up the great plateau from the East, on a like benevolent mission to the natives.’  In like manner the Aesir, children of Light, or of the Sun, came from the East to Scandinavia, and taught the lore of the Gods.

The Peruvian embalming of the royal dead takes us back to Egypt; the burning of the wives of the deceased Incas, reveals India; the singularly patriarchal character of the whole Peruvian policy is like that of China in the olden time; while the system of espionage, of tranquillity, of physical well-being, and the iron-like immovability in which the whole social frame was cast, brings before the reader Japan, as it even now exists.  In fact, there is something strangely Japanese in the entire cultus of Peru, as described by all writers.

It is remarkable that the Supreme Being of the Peruvians was worshiped under the names of Pachacomac, ’he who sustains, or gives life to the universe,’ and of Viracocha, ‘Foam of the Sea,’ a name strikingly recalling that of Venus Aphrodite, the female second principle in all ancient mythologies.  Not less curious was the institution of the Vestal Virgins of the Sun, who were buried alive if detected in an intrigue, and whose duty it was to keep burning the sacred fire obtained at the festival of Raymi.

    ‘Vigilemque sacraverat ignem Excubias divum aeternas.’

This fire was obtained as by the ancient Romans, on a precisely similar occasion, by means of a concave mirror of polished metal.  The Incas, in order to preserve purity of race, married their own sisters, as did the kings of Persia and other Oriental nations, urged by a like feeling of pride.  Among the Peruvians, Mama, signified ‘mother,’ while Papa, was applied to the chief priest.  ’With both, the term seems to embrace in its most comprehensive sense, the paternal relation, in which it is more familiarly employed by most of the nations of Europe.’

It should be borne in mind, that as in the case of the Green Corn festival, many striking analogies can be established between the Indian tribes of North-America and the Peruvians.  Gallatin has shown the affinity of languages between all the American nations; at the remote age when the monk visited Mexico, it is possible that the first race which subsequently spread southward occupied the entire north.