gun
emplacements.
4.  Each observer will also record in a note book everything
of importance, with the time observed.
5.  A report of changes, with an abstract of observer’s
notes, is forwarded daily to regimental headquarters.
(b) Watchers (sentinels): 
1.  Stationed, one near the door of each dugout, in the
first line, support and intermediate trenches.
2.  They must be carefully concealed.
3.  They must watch over the parapet (never through slits or
loopholes) so as to have unrestricted view.
4.  They are furnished with signal rockets and flares for
prompt communication with the artillery, and have
authority to use them.
5.  Double sentinels are posted at night.
(c) Listening Posts: 
1.  Located, usually in shell holes, just inside the
entanglements.  Connected with front line by tunnels. 
Protected from grenades by heavy gratings, when
possible, and by concealment.
2.  Occupied by 4 men (1 in command), in 3 reliefs.  Usually
occupied only at night unless our trenches are on a
reverse slope.
3.  Chief function is protection of the entanglements.
(d) Microphone Posts.—­Installed usually behind the first line. 
Intercept the enemy’s telephone and ground-telegraph
messages and any loud conversation in his trenches.
(e) Fixed Patrols.—­Generally remain in shell holes in front of
our entanglements.
(f) Reconnoitering Patrols: 
1.  Composed of from 3 to 5 men, commanded by a
non-commissioned officer.  Sent out at night only.
2.  The company commander must promptly notify commanders of
adjoining companies of the dispatch of these patrols,
their time of departure, route and probable time of
return.
3.  Men should be assigned to this duty by roster.

F. TRENCH WORK: 

1.  Constant battle with the elements, care for drainage,
revettment, sanitation and storage.
2.  Repair of the effects of bombardment.
3.  New work, for better security, communication and observation.
4.  Work in the open.
(a) Usually consists of repair or rearrangement of wire
entanglements, digging new listening posts, etc.
(b) Effected by parties detailed by roster.
(c) They are guarded by fighting patrols, composed like
reconnaissance patrols.  Their best protection is in silence
and concealment.
(d) Adjoining companies must be notified of their dispatch,
location and probable time of return.
(e) This work, like all operations conducted outside the
protection of the trenches, offers a valuable tonic to the
morale.

   G. OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS: 

   1.  Sniping: 
      (a) Snipers constitute one of the most dependable and
          productive agencies of attrition.
      (b) The best shots of the company are especially trained and
          assigned for this duty exclusively.
      (c) They operate in pairs and post themselves to cover any