that there is anything beyond such gratifications.  Like the boor he is deluded by a mirage that oppresses his soul; and he fancies, having once obtained a sensuous joy that pleases him, to give himself the utmost satisfaction by endless repetition, till at last he reaches madness.  The bouquet of the wine he loves enters his soul and poisons it, leaving him with no thoughts but those of sensuous desire; and he is in the same hopeless state as the man who dies mad with drink.  What good has the drunkard obtained by his madness?  None; pain has at last swallowed up pleasure utterly, and death steps in to terminate the agony.  The man suffers the final penalty for his persistent ignorance of a law of nature as inexorable as that of gravitation,—­a law which forbids a man to stand still.  Not twice can the same cup of pleasure be tasted; the second time it must contain either a grain of poison or a drop of the elixir of life.

The same argument holds good with regard to intellectual pleasures; the same law operates.  We see men who are the flower of their age in intellect, who pass beyond their fellows and tower over them, entering at last upon a fatal treadmill of thought, where they yield to the innate indolence of the soul and begin to delude themselves by the solace of repetition.  Then comes the barrenness and lack of vitality,—­that unhappy and disappointing state into which great men too often enter when middle life is just passed.  The fire of youth, the vigor of the young intellect, conquers the inner inertia and makes the man scale heights of thought and fill his mental lungs with the free air of the mountains.  But then at last the physical reaction sets in; the physical machinery of the brain loses its powerful impetus and begins to relax its efforts, simply because the youth of the body is at an end.  Now the man is assailed by the great tempter of the race who stands forever on the ladder of life waiting for those who climb so far.  He drops the poisoned drop into the ear, and from that moment all consciousness takes on a dulness, and the man becomes terrified lest life is losing its possibilities for him.  He rushes back on to a familiar platform of experience, and there finds comfort in touching a well-known chord of passion or emotion.  And too many having done this linger on, afraid to attempt the unknown, and satisfied to touch continually that chord which responds most readily.  By this means they get the assurance that life is still burning within them.  But at last their fate is the same as that of the gourmand and the drunkard.  The power of the spell lessens daily as the machinery which feels loses its vitality; and the man endeavors to revive the old excitement and fervor by striking the note more violently, by hugging the thing that makes him feel, by drinking the cup of poison to its fatal dregs.  And then he is lost; madness falls on his soul, as it falls on the body of the drunkard.  Life has no longer any meaning for him, and he rushes