[Footnote 36:  This is the only really trinitarian passage in the epic.  In i. 1. 32; xiii. 16. 15, the belief may be indicated, but not certainly, as it is in Hariv. 10,662.  See on this point Holtzroann, ZDMG. xxxviii. p. 204.  In xiv. 54. 14 the form is V[=i]shnu, Brahm[=a], Indra.]

[Footnote 37:  Compare 339. 114, “thou art pancamah[=a]kalpa.”  The commentator gives the names of five sects, S[=a]ura, C[=a]kta, G[=a]neca, C[=a]iva, Vaishnava.  The ‘five times,’ implied in Pancak[=a]ta, he says are day, night, month, seasons, and year (ib. 66).  In 340. 117 (which chapter is Pancar[=a]tric), Brahm[=a] “knows that Vishnu is superior.”]

     [Footnote 38:  V[=a]j.  S. xvi. 1-66; T[=a]itt.  S. iv. 5.
     1-11.]

[Footnote 39:  Civa has no ordinary sacrifice:  he is (as above) in general a destroyer of sacrifice, i.e., of Vedic sacrifice; but as Pacupati, “Lord of beasts,” he claims the bloody sacrifice of the first beast, man.]

[Footnote 40:  The usual opinion is that phallic worship was a trait of southern tribes foisted upon northern Civaism.  Philosophically Civaism is first monotheistic and then pantheistic, To-day it is nominally pantheistic but really it is dualistic.]

[Footnote 41:  There are indications in this passage of some sectarian feeling, and the fear of partisan warfare (229); in regard to which we add from Muir and Holtzmann the passage XII. 343. 121, where is symbolized a peaceful issue of war between Vishnuism and Civaism.]

     [Footnote 42:  Grahas are also planets, but in this cult they
     are not astrological, as show their names.]

     [Footnote 43:  They are possibly old, as Weber thinks, but
     they seem to have nothing in common with the ancient female
     divinities.]

[Footnote 44:  Compare another hymn to Durg[=a] in IV. 6. 5 ff. (late).  Durgi was probably an independent local deity, subsequently regarded as Civa’s female side.  She plays a great role, under various names, in the ‘revived’ literature, as do the love-god and Ganeca.  In both hymns she is ‘Vishnu’s sister,’ and in IV. 6 a ‘pure virgin.’]

[Footnote 45:  One comparatively new god deserves a passing mention, Dharma’s son, K[=a]ma, the (Grecian?) love-god, ‘the mind-shaker,’ ‘the limbless one,’ whose arrows are like those of Cupid (I. 66. 32; 171. 34; III. 46. 2).  He is an adventitious addition to the epic.  His later name of Ananga occurs in XII. 59. 91.  In I. 71. 41 and 171. 40 he is Manmatha.  The Atharvan god also has darts, III. 25, a mark of this latest Veda.]

     [Footnote 46:  Compare ii. 22. 18:  “Great holiness, great
     glory, penance, death in battle, these are each respectively
     productive of heaven; the last alone is a sure cause.”]