Sidney Smith, he established the Edinburgh Review.  In 1806 he published his celebrated “Inquiry into the Colonial Policy of the European Powers,” and soon after was called to the English bar, and settled in London, where he rapidly rose to the highest eminence as a counselor and an advocate.  On the 16th of March, 1808, he appeared in behalf of the merchants of London, Liverpool, Manchester, &c., before the House of Commons, in the matter of the Orders in Council restricting trade with America, and greatly increased his fame by one of the most masterly arguments he ever delivered.  In 1810 he became a member of Parliament, and he soon distinguished himself here by his speeches on the slave trade and against the Orders in Council, which, mainly through his means, were rescinded.  Venturing, at the general election of 1812, to contest the seat for Liverpool with Mr. Canning, he was defeated, and for four years he devoted himself chiefly to his profession.  In this period he made many of his most famous law arguments, and acquired the enmity of the Prince Regent by his defense of Leigh Hunt, and his brother, in the case of their famous libel in “The Examiner.”  In 1816 he commenced those powerful and indefatigable efforts in behalf of education, by which he is perhaps best entitled to the gratitude of mankind.  As chairman of the educational committee of forty, he drew up the two voluminous and masterly reports which disclosed the exact condition of British civilization, and induced such action on the part of government as advanced it in ten years more than it had been previously advanced in a century.  In 1820 he displayed in their perfection those amazing powers of knowledge, reason, invective, sarcasm, and elocution, on the trial of Queen Caroline, which more than anything else have made that trial so memorable among legal and forensic conflicts.  In 1822 he made his unparalleled speech in the case of the Dean and Chapter of Durham against Williams, and in the following year was elected Lord Rector of the University of Glasgow.  On the downfall of the Wellington administration, in 1830, and the consequent general election, he was returned to Parliament as one of the members for Yorkshire, and a few weeks afterward was made Lord High.  Chancellor, and elevated to the peerage under the title of Lord Brougham and Vaux.  He continued in the office of Lord Chancellor until the dissolution of the Melbourne cabinet, in 1834.  In 1823 he wrote his “Practical Observations on the Education of the People,” and was engaged with Dr. Birkbeck in the formation of the first Mechanics’ Institution.  In 1827 he was one of the originators of the London University, and in the same year he founded the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, of which he was the first president, and for which he wrote its first publication, the admirable “Treatise on the Objects, Pleasures, and Advantages of Science.”  In 1830 he was elected a member of the Institute of France, and about the time of his resignation of the