Furthermore, this greater individual vitality, although intimately connected with the superior agricultural and industrial opportunities of a new country, has not been due exclusively to such advantages.  Undoubtedly the vast areas of cheap and fertile land which have been continuously available for settlement have contributed, not only to the abundance of American prosperity, but also to the formation of American character and institutions; and undoubtedly many of the economic and political evils which are now becoming offensively obtrusive are directly or indirectly derived from the gradual monopolization of certain important economic opportunities.  Nevertheless, these opportunities could never have been converted so quickly into substantial benefits had it not been for our more democratic political and social forms.  A privileged class does not secure itself in the enjoyment of its advantages merely by legal intrenchments.  It depends quite as much upon disqualifying the “lower classes” from utilizing their opportunities by a species of social inhibition.  The rail-splitter can be so easily encouraged to believe that rail-splitting is his vocation.  The tragedy in the life of Mr. J.M.  Barrie’s “Admirable Crichton” was not due to any legal prohibition of his conversion in England, as on the tropic island, into a veritable chief, but that on English soil he did not in his own soul want any such elevation and distinction.  His very loyalty to the forms and fabric of English life kept him fatuously content with the mean truckling and meaner domineering of his position of butler.  On the other hand, the loyalty of an American to the American idea would tend to make him aggressive and self-confident.  Our democratic prohibition of any but occasional social distinctions and our democratic dislike to any suggestion of authentic social inferiority have contributed as essentially to the fluid and elastic substance of American life as have its abundant and accessible economic opportunities.

The increased momentum of American life, both in its particles and its mass, unquestionably has a considerable moral and social value.  It is the beginning, the only possible beginning, of a better life for the people as individuals and for society.  So long as the great majority of the poor in any country are inert and are laboring without any hope of substantial rewards in this world, the whole associated life of that community rests on an equivocal foundation.  Its moral and social order is tied to an economic system which starves and mutilates the great majority of the population, and under such conditions its religion necessarily becomes a spiritual drug, administered for the purpose of subduing the popular discontent and relieving the popular misery.  The only way the associated life of such a community can be radically improved is by the leavening of the inert popular mass.  Their wants must be satisfied, and must be sharpened and increased with the habit of satisfaction.