5 feet 10 inches.  We find the same irregularity as to architraves.  Their height is determined only by the taste of the architect or the necessities of the building.  So also with the spacing of columns.  Not only does the inter-columnar space vary considerably between temple and temple, or chamber and chamber, but sometimes—­as in the first court at Medinet Habu—­they vary in the same portico.  We have thus far treated separately of each type; but when various types were associated in a single building, no fixed relative proportions were observed.  In the hypostyle hall at Karnak, the campaniform columns support the nave, while the lotus-bud variety is relegated to the aisles (fig. 73).  There are halls in the temple of Khonsu where the lotus-bud column is the loftiest, and others where the campaniform dominates the rest.  In what remains of the Medamot structure, campaniform and lotus-bud columns are of equal height.  Egypt had no definite orders like those of Greece, but tried every combination to which the elements of the column could be made to lend themselves; hence, we can never determine the dimensions of an Egyptian column from those of one of its parts.

[12] For an account of the excavations at Bubastis, see Eighth and Tenth
    Memoirs of the Egypt Exploration Fund, by M.E.  Naville.

[13] French “Promenoir”; this is perhaps best expressed by “Processional
    Hall,” in accordance with the description of its purpose on p. 67. 
    —­A.B.E.

2.  THE TEMPLE.

[Illustration:  Fig. 74.—­Plan of temple of the Sphinx.]

Most of the famous sanctuaries—­Denderah, Edfu, Abydos—­were founded before Men a by the Servants of Hor.[14] Becoming dilapidated or ruined in the course of ages, they have been restored, rebuilt, remodelled, one after the other, till nothing remains of the primitive design to show us what the first Egyptian architecture was like.  The funerary temples built by the kings of the Fourth Dynasty have left some traces.[15] That of the second pyramid of Gizeh was so far preserved at the beginning of the last century, that Maillet saw four large pillars standing.  It is now almost entirely destroyed; but this loss has been more than compensated by the discovery, in 1853, of a temple situate about fifty yards to the southward of the sphinx (fig. 74).  The facade is still hidden by the sand, and the inside is but partly uncovered.  The core masonry is of fine Turah limestone.  The casing, pillars, architraves, and roof were constructed with immense blocks of alabaster or red granite (Note 9).  The plan is most simple:  In the middle (A) is a great hall in shape of the letter T, adorned with sixteen square pillars 16 feet in height; at the north-west corner of this hall is a narrow passage on an inclined plane (B), by which the building is now entered;[16] at the south-west corner is a recess (C) which contains six niches, in pairs one over the other.  A long