[Illustration:  Fig. 64.—­Inverted campaniform capital, Karnak.]

[Illustration:  Fig. 65.—­Palm capital, Bubastis.]

[Illustration:  Fig. 66.—­Compound capital.]

Under the Ptolemies and the Caesars the capital became a complete basket of flowers and leaves, ranged row above row, and painted in the brightest colours (fig. 67.) At Edfu, Ombos, and Philae one would fancy that the designer had vowed never to repeat the same pattern in the same portico.

[Illustration:  Fig. 67.—­Ornate capitals, Ptolemaic.]

[Illustration:  Fig. 68.—­Lotus-bud column, Beni Hasan.]

[Illustration:  Fig. 69.—­Lotus-bud column, processional hall, Thothmes III., Karnak.]

[Illustration:  Fig. 70.—­Column in the aisles of the hypostyle hall at Karnak.]

II. Columns with Lotus-bud Capitals.—­Originally these may perhaps have represented a bunch of lotus plants, the buds being bound together at the neck to form the capital.  The columns of Beni Hasan consist of four rounded stems (fig. 68).  Those of the Labyrinth, of the processional hall of Thothmes III., and of Medamot, consist of eight stems, each presenting a sharp edge on the outer side (fig. 69).  The bottom of the column is bulbous, and set round with triangular leaves.  The top is surrounded by three or five bands.  A moulding composed of groups of three vertical stripes hangs like a fringe from the lowest band in the space between every two stems.  So varied a surface does not admit of hieroglyphic decoration; therefore the projections were by degrees suppressed, and the whole shaft was made smooth.  In the hypostyle hall at Gurneh, the shaft is divided in three parts, the middle one being smooth and covered with sculptures, while the upper and lower divisions are formed of clustered stems.  In the temple of Khonsu, in the aisles of the hypostyle hall of Karnak, and in the portico of Medinet Habu, the shaft is quite smooth, the fringe alone being retained below the top bands, while a slight ridge between each of the three bands recalls the original stems (fig. 70).  The capital underwent a like process of degradation.  At Beni Hasan, it is finely clustered throughout its height.  In the processional hall of Thothmes III., at Luxor, and at Medamot, a circle of small pointed leaves and channellings around the base lessens the effect, and reduces it to a mere grooved and truncated cone.  In the hypostyle hall of Karnak, at Abydos, at the Ramesseum, and at Medinet Habu, various other ornaments, as triangular leaves, hieroglyphic inscriptions, or bands of cartouches flanked by uraei, fill the space thus unfortunately obtained.  Neither is the abacus hidden as in the campaniform capital, but stands out boldly, and displays the cartouche of the royal founder.

[Illustration:  Fig. 71.—­Hathor-head capital, Ptolemaic.]