P. 64, l. 990, God’s horsemen, stars without a stain.]—­Cf. above, ll. 312, 746.  Castor and Polydeuces were sons of Zeus and Leda, brothers of Helen, and half-brothers of Clytemnestra, whose father was the mortal Tyndareus.  They lived as knights without reproach, and afterwards became stars and demigods.  The story is told that originally Castor was mortal and Polydeuces immortal; but when Castor was fatally wounded Polydeuces prayed that he might be allowed to give him half his immortality.  The prayer was granted; and the two live as immortals, yet, in some mysterious way, knowing the taste of death.  Unlike the common sinners and punishers of the rest of the play, these Heroes find their “glory” in saving men from peril and suffering, especially at sea, where they appear as the globes of light, called St. Elmo’s fire, upon masts and yards.

Pp. 64-71, ll. 998 ff.]—­Clytemnestra.  “And what sort of woman is this doomed and ‘evil’ Queen?  We know the majestic murderess of Aeschylus, so strong as to be actually beautiful, so fearless and unrepentant that one almost feels her to be right.  One can imagine also another figure that would be theatrically effective—­a ‘sympathetic’ sinner, beautiful and penitent, eager to redeem her sin by self-sacrifice.  But Euripides gives us neither.  Perhaps he believed in neither.  It is a piteous and most real character that we have here, in this sad middle-aged woman, whose first words are an apology; controlling quickly her old fires, anxious to be as little hated as possible.  She would even atone, one feels, if there were any safe way of atonement; but the consequences of her old actions are holding her, and she is bound to persist....  In her long speech it is scarcely to Electra that she is chiefly speaking; it is to the Chorus, perhaps to her own bondmaids; to any or all of the people whose shrinking so frets her.” (Independent Review, l.c.)

P. 65, l. 1011, Cast his child away.]—­The Greek fleet assembled for Troy was held by contrary winds at Aulis, in the Straits of Euboea, and the whole expedition was in danger of breaking up.  The prophets demanded a human sacrifice, and Agamemnon gave his own daughter, Iphigenia.  He induced Clytemnestra to send her to him, by the pretext that Achilles had asked for her in marriage.

P. 66, l. 1046, Which led me to the men he hated.]—­It made Clytemnestra’s crime worse, that her accomplice was the blood-foe.

Pp. 65-68.  As elsewhere in Euripides, these two speeches leave the matter undecided.  He does not attempt to argue the case out.  He gives us a flash of light, as it were, upon Clytemnestra’s mind and then upon Electra’s.  Each believes what she is saying, and neither understands the whole truth.  It is clear that Clytemnestra, being left for ten years utterly alone, and having perhaps something of Helen’s temperament about her, naturally fell in love with the Lord of a neighbouring castle; and having once committed herself, had no way of saving her life except by killing her husband, and afterwards either killing or keeping strict watch upon Orestes and Electra.  Aegisthus, of course, was deliberately plotting to carry out his blood-feud and to win a great kingdom.