[Footnote 104:  See Prince Hohenlohe’s “Letters on Strategy” (p. 62, Eng. ed.) for the effect of this rapid marching; Foucart’s “Campagne de Prusse,” vol. i., pp. 323-343; also Lord Fitzmaurice’s “Duke of Brunswick.”]

[Footnote 105:  Hoepfner, vol. i.p. 383; and Lettow-Vorbeck, vol. i., p. 345.]

[Footnote 106:  Foucart, op. cit., pp. 606-623.]

[Footnote 107:  Marbot says Ruechel was killed:  but he recovered from his wound, and did good service the next spring.

Vernet’s picture of Napoleon inspecting his Guards at Jena before their charge seems to represent the well-known incident of a soldier calling out “en avant”; whereupon Napoleon sharply turned and bade the man wait till he had commanded in twenty battles before he gave him advice.]

[Footnote 108:  Foucart, p. 671.]

[Footnote 109:  Lang thus describes four French Marshals whom he saw at Ansbach:  “Bernadotte, a very tall dark man, with fiery eyes under thick brows; Mortier, still taller, with a stupid sentinel look; Lefebvre, an old Alsatian camp-boy, with his wife, former washerwoman to the regiment; and Davoust, a little smooth-pated, unpretending man, who was never tired of waltzing.”]

[Footnote 110:  Davoust, “Operations du 3eme Corps,” pp. 31-32.  French writers reduce their force to 24,000, and raise Brunswick’s total to 60,000.  Lehmann’s “Scharnhorst,” vol. i., p. 433, gives the details.]

[Footnote 111:  Foucart, pp. 604-606, 670, and 694-697, who only blames him for slowness.  But he set out from Naumburg before dawn, and, though delayed by difficult tracks, was near Apolda at 4 p.m., and took 1,000 prisoners.]

[Footnote 112:  For this service, as for his exploits at Austerlitz, Napoleon gave few words of praise.  Lannes’ remonstrance is printed by General Thoumas, “Le Marechal Lannes,” p. 169.  The Emperor secretly disliked Lannes for his very independent bearing.]

[Footnote 113:  “Nap.  Corresp.,” November 21st, 1807; Baron Lumbroso’s “Napoleone I e l’Inghilterra,” p. 103; Garden, vol. x., p. 307.]

[Footnote 114:  This decree, of 10 Brumaire, an V, is printed in full, and commented on by Lumbroso, op. cit., p. 49.  See too Sorel, “L’Europe et la Rev. Fr.,” vol. iii., p. 389; and my article, “Napoleon and English Commerce,” in the “Eng.  Hist.  Rev.” of October, 1893.]

[Footnote 115:  This phrase occurs, I believe, first in the conversation of Napoleon on May 1st, 1803:  “We will form a more complete coast-system, and England shall end by shedding tears of blood” (Miot de Melito, “Mems.,” vol. i., chap. xiv.).]

[Footnote 116:  E.g., Fauchille, “Du Blocus maritime,” pp. 93 et seq.]

[Footnote 117:  See especially the pamphlet “War in Disguise, or the Frauds of the Neutral Flags” (1805), by J. Stephen.  It has been said that this pamphlet was a cause of the Orders in Council.  The whole question is discussed by Manning, “Commentaries on the Law of Nations” (1875); Lawrence, “International Law”; Mahan, “Infl. of Sea Power,” vol. ii., pp. 274-277; Mollien, vol. iii., p. 289 (first edit.); and Chaptal, p. 275.]