with the dignity and austere sumptuousness
                          { of a great Roman Emperor.  As we have said,
                          { he had been in Rome and he had been in Egypt;
                          { the art of the French Empire was reminiscent
                          { of both.  Napoleon would outstrip the other
                          { conquerors of the world. 
                          {Some Empire furniture shows the same fine
                          { turning which characterizes Jacobean furniture
                          { of both oak and walnut periods.  We refer to
                          { the round, not spiral, turning.  See legs of
                          { Empire sofa on which Madame Recamier reclines
                          { in the well-known portrait by David (Louvre).

ENGLISH FURNITURE

{Gothic, through 14th Century. 
THE OAK PERIOD {Renaissance, 16th Century.
(including early {Elizabethan, 16th Century. 
Jacobean) {Jacobean or Stuart, 17th Century; James I,
{ Charles I and II, and James II, 1603-1688.

{Late Jacobean. 
THE WALNUT PERIOD {William and Mary, 1688. 
{Queen Anne, 1702.

“MAHOGANY” PERIOD {Chippendale. {18th Century.
  (and other imported {HEPPELWHITE. {
  woods), or {SHERATON {
  CHIPPENDALE PERIOD. {THE ADAM BROTHERS. {

{Almost no furniture exists of the 13th
{ Century.  We get the majority of our
GOTHIC PERIOD, { ideas from illustrated manuscripts of
Through 14th Century. { that time.  The furniture was carved
{ oak or plain oak ornamented with
{ iron scroll work, intended both for
{ strength and decoration.

RENAISSANCE OR {The characteristic, heavy, wide mouldings
  ELIZABETHAN, { and small panels, and heavy round
  16th Century. { carving.

{Panels large and mouldings very narrow and
{ flat, or no mouldings at all, and flat
{ carving.  The classic influence shown during
JACOBEAN OR { the period of the Commonwealth in designs,
STUART PERIOD, { pilastars and pediments was the result of a
17th Century. { classic reaction, all elaboration being
{ resented. 
WALNUT PERIOD, {The Restoration brought in elaborate
late 17th Century. { carving.  Dutch influence is exemplified
{ in the fashion for inlaying imported from
{ Holland, as well as the tulip design.
{ Turned legs, stretchers, borders and spiral
{ turnings, characterized Jacobean style.

In the GOTHIC PERIOD (extending {
  through 14th Century), as {
  the delightful irregularity in {
  line and decoration shows, {Tables, chests, presses (wardrobes),
  there was NO SET TYPE; each { chairs and benches or
  piece was an individual creation { settles.
  and showed the personality {
  of maker. {