Theory of the Earth, Volume 2 (of 4) eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 375 pages of information about Theory of the Earth, Volume 2 (of 4).

Theory of the Earth, Volume 2 (of 4) eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 375 pages of information about Theory of the Earth, Volume 2 (of 4).

On the one hand, it is supposed that the forming cause which had produced those mountains, in collecting their materials at the bottom of the sea, had also determined the shape in which their various ridges are at present found; on the other hand, it is supposed that the destructive causes, which operate in degrading mountains, have immediately contributed to produce their present forms, and that it is only mediately or more remotely that this shape has been determined by mineral operations and the constitution of the solid parts, which thus oppose the wearing operations of the surface with different degrees of hardness and solidity.  Whether natural appearances correspond with the one or the other of those two different suppositions, every person who has the opportunity of making such an examination, and has sufficient knowledge of the subject to judge from his observation, will determine for himself.

I will here give the opinion of a person who has had great opportunities for this purpose, who is an intelligent as well as an attentive observator, and who has had particularly this question in his view.  It is from ’Tableaux de la Suisse’[26].

[Footnote 26:  “Discours sur l’Histoire Naturelle de la Suisse.”]

“Quand nous nous sommes trouve sur ces points eleves, nous avons toujours considere le total des montagnes prises ensemble, leurs situations respectives, les unes par rapport aux autres; afin de reconnoitre, s’il y avoit quelque chose de constant dans leurs position; rien n’est plus varie.  Dans la grande chaine de montagnes qui separe le canton de Berne du Vallais d’un cote, et les Alpes qui separent le Vallais de la Savoie de l’autre, en considerant le course du Rhone sous differens points de vue, on n’a point vu que les angles saillans de ces tres hautes montagnes fussent opposes aux angles rentrans des montagnes qui sont vis-a-vis; Le fameux vallon qui est sur le haut du Saint-Gothard, le point le plus eleve de l’Europe, contredit egalement cette observation, aussi que les positions de la plus grande partie des montagnes qui forment son vaste circuit.  Le vallon de Scholenen, qui a plus de huit lieues, et dans lequel la Reusse coule du sommet du Saint-Gothard jusqu’au lac de Lucerne, offre a peine quelques exemples d’angles rentrans opposes a des angles saillans.  Les nombreux vallons que nous avons constamment traverses ceux qui conduisent au Grindelwald, et celui qui mene au pays de Hasli qui sont sous nos yeux, n’etablirent pas d’avantage cette correspondance d’angles saillans et angles rentrans, qu’on regarde comme si constante.  Dans les montagnes basses, du troisieme et quatrieme ordre, ou inferieures, on remarque plus souvent cette correspondance, encore n’est-elle pas constante:  les eaux ordinaires ont forme ces vallons; mais si on veut donner une theorie generale, c’est assurement dans les plus hautes montagnes qu’il faut prendre ses exemples.  Ce qui se trouve au-dessous de ces points les plus eleves, a pris sa forme de la disposition meme des plus hauts sommets.”

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Theory of the Earth, Volume 2 (of 4) from Project Gutenberg. Public domain.