[303] Emile, V. 220.

[304] IV. 85.

[305] Emile, IV. 38, 39.  Hence, we suppose, the famous reply to Lavoisier’s request that his life might be spared from the guillotine for a fortnight, in order that he might complete some experiments, that the Republic has no need of chemists.

[306] IV. 65.  Jefferson, who was American minister in France from 1784 to 1789, and absorbed a great many of the ideas then afloat, writes in words that seem as if they were borrowed from Rousseau:—­“I am convinced that those societies (as the Indians) which live without government, enjoy in their general mass an infinitely greater degree of happiness than those who live under European governments.  Among the former public opinion is in the state of law, and restrains morals as powerfully as laws ever did anywhere.  Among the latter, under pretence of governing, they have divided their nation into two classes, wolves and sheep.  I do not exaggerate; this is a true picture of Europe.”  Tucker’s Life of Jefferson, i. 255.

[307] Lamennais was influenced by Rousseau throughout.  In the Essay on Indifference he often appeals to him as the vindicator of the religious sentiment (e.g. i. 21, 52, iv. 375, etc.  Ed. 1837).  The same influence is seen still more markedly in the Words of a Believer (1835), when dogma had departed, and he was left with a kind of dual deism, thus being less estranged from Rousseau than in the first days (e.g. Sec. xix.  “Tous naissent egaux,” etc., Sec. xxi., etc.) The Book of the People is thoroughly Rousseauite.

[308] Emile, IV. 105.

[309] Emile, IV. 63.

[310] Emile, IV. 273.

[311] Emile, IV. 83.

[312] Emile, II. 185.  See the previous page for some equally prudent observations on the folly of teaching geography to little children.

[313] Emile, IV. 68.

[314] V. 231, etc.

[315] Emile, IV. 71.

[316] Emile, IV. 73.

[317] IV. 77.

[318] Emile, V. 22, 53, 54, 101, 128-132.

[319] Emile, V. 78.

[320] V. 122.

[321] V. 129, 130.

[322] Well did Jean Paul say, “If we regard all life as an educational institution, a circumnavigator of the world is less influenced by all the nations he has seen than by his nurse.”—­Levana.

[323] Tableau des Progres de l’Esprit Humain. Oeuv., vi. pp. 264, 523-526, and elsewhere. [Ed. 1847-1849.]

[324] Emile et Sophie, i.

[325] For an account of some of these, see Grimm’s Corr.  Lit., iii. 211, 252, 347, etc.  Also Corr.  Ined., p. 143.

[326] For the early date at which Rousseau’s power began to meet recognition, see D’Alembert to Voltaire, July 31, 1762.