When the word relative is used, a simple relative is meant.  Indefinite relatives, and the indefinite use of simple relatives, will be discussed further on.

The SIMPLE RELATIVES are who, which, that, what.

[Sidenote:  Who and its forms.]

107.  Examples of the relative who and its forms:—­

     1.  Has a man gained anything who has received a hundred favors
     and rendered none?—­EMERSON.

     2.  That man is little to be envied whose patriotism would not
     gain force upon the plain of Marathon.—­DR JOHNSON.

3.  For her enchanting son,
     Whom universal nature did lament.—­MILTON.

     4.  The nurse came to us, who were sitting in an adjoining
     apartment.—­THACKERAY.

5.  Ye mariners of England,
      That guard our native seas;
     Whose flag has braved, a thousand years,
      The battle and the breeze!—­CAMPBELL.

     6.  The men whom men respect, the women whom women approve,
     are the men and women who bless their species.—­PARTON

[Sidenote:  Which and its forms.]

108.  Examples of the relative which and its forms:—­

1.  They had not their own luster, but the look which is not of
the earth.—­BYRON.

2.  The embattled portal arch he pass’d,
Whose ponderous grate and massy bar
Had oft roll’d back the tide of war.—­SCOTT.

3.  Generally speaking, the dogs which stray around the butcher
shops restrain their appetites.—­COX.

4.  The origin of language is divine, in the same sense in which
man’s nature, with all its capabilities ..., is a divine
creation.—­W.D.  WHITNEY.

5. (a) This gradation ... ought to be kept in view; else this
description will seem exaggerated, which it certainly is
not.—­BURKE.

(b) The snow was three inches deep and still falling, which
prevented him from taking his usual ride.—­IRVING.

[Sidenote:  That.]

109.  Examples of the relative that:—­

1.  The man that hath no music in himself,... 
Is fit for treasons, stratagems, and spoils. 
—­SHAKESPEARE

2.  The judge ... bought up all the pigs that could be
had.—­LAMB

3.  Nature and books belong to the eyes that see them.—­EMERSON.

4.  For the sake of country a man is told to yield everything
that makes the land honorable.—­H.W.  BEECHER

5.  Reader, that do not pretend to have leisure for very much
scholarship, you will not be angry with me for telling you.—­DE
QUINCEY.

     6.  The Tree Igdrasil, that has its roots down in the kingdoms
     of Hela and Death, and whose boughs overspread the highest
     heaven!—­CARLYLE.