and the German as they work in East Africa; exactly as it has been a benefit to every one that America took possession of the Philippines.  Those of you who know Lord Cromer’s excellent book in which he compares modern and ancient imperialism need no words from me to prove that the dominion of modern civilized nations over the dark places of the earth has been fraught with widespread good for mankind; and my plea is that the civilized nations engaged in doing this work shall treat one another with respect and friendship, and shall hold it as discreditable to permit envy and jealousy, backbiting and antagonism among themselves.  I visited four different British protectorates or possessions in Africa—­namely, East Africa, Uganda, the Sudan, and Egypt.  About the first three, I have nothing to say to you save what is pleasant, as well as true.  About the last, I wish to say a few words because they are true, without regard to whether or not they are pleasant.

In the highlands of East Africa you have a land which can be made a true white man’s country.  While there I met many settlers on intimate terms, and I felt for them a peculiar sympathy, because they so strikingly reminded me of the men of our own western frontier of America, of the pioneer farmers and ranch-men who built up the States of the great plains and the Rocky Mountains.  It is of high importance to encourage these settlers in every way, remembering—­I say that here in the City—­remembering that the prime need is not for capitalists to exploit the land, but for settlers who shall make their permanent homes therein.  Capital is a good servant, but a mighty poor master.  No alien race should be permitted to come into competition with the settlers.  Fortunately you have now in the Governor of East Africa, Sir Percy Girouard, a man admirably fitted to deal wisely and firmly with the many problems before him.  He is on the ground and knows the needs of the country, and is zealously devoted to its interests.  All that is necessary is to follow his lead, and to give him cordial support and backing.  The principle upon which I think it is wise to act in dealing with far-away possessions is this—­choose your man, change him if you become discontented with him, but while you keep him back him up.

In Uganda the problem is totally different.  Uganda cannot be made a white man’s country, and the prime need is to administer the land in the interest of the native races, and to help forward their development.  Uganda has been the scene of an extraordinary development of Christianity.  Nowhere else of recent times has missionary effort met with such success; the inhabitants stand far above most of the races in the Dark Continent in their capacity for progress towards civilization.  They have made great strides, and the English officials have shown equal judgment and disinterestedness in the work they have done; and they have been especially wise in trying to develop the natives along their own lines, instead of seeking to turn them into imitation or make-believe Englishmen.  In Uganda all that is necessary is to go forward on the paths you have already marked out.