front every hundred yards, and put a different one in advance to break the way.  The open prairies were swept by a piercing and biting wind from the northwest.  At night, they had to task their ingenuity to provide shelter and keep from freezing.  In the first place, they dug deep holes in the snow, piling it up in ramparts to windward as a protection against the blast.  Beneath these they spread buffalo skins, upon which they stretched themselves in full dress, with caps, cloaks, and moccasins, and covered themselves with numerous blankets; notwithstanding all which they were often severely pinched with the cold.

On the 28th of February they arrived on the banks of Godin River.  This stream emerges from the mountains opposite an eastern branch of the Malade River, running southeast, forms a deep and swift current about twenty yards wide, passing rapidly through a defile to which it gives its name, and then enters the great plain where, after meandering about forty miles, it is finally lost in the region of the Burned Rocks.

On the banks of this river Captain Bonneville was so fortunate as to come upon a buffalo trail.  Following it up, he entered the defile, where he remained encamped for two days to allow the hunters time to kill and dry a supply of buffalo beef.  In this sheltered defile the weather was moderate and grass was already sprouting more than an inch in height.  There was abundance, too, of the salt weed which grows most plentiful in clayey and gravelly barrens.  It resembles pennyroyal, and derives its name from a partial saltness.  It is a nourishing food for the horses in the winter, but they reject it the moment the young grass affords sufficient pasturage.

On the 6th of March, having cured sufficient meat, the party resumed their march, and moved on with comparative ease, excepting where they had to make their way through snow-drifts which had been piled up by the wind.

On the 11th, a small cloud of smoke was observed rising in a deep part of the defile.  An encampment was instantly formed and scouts were sent out to reconnoitre.  They returned with intelligence that it was a hunting party of Flatheads, returning from the buffalo range laden with meat.  Captain Bonneville joined them the next day, and persuaded them to proceed with his party a few miles below to the caches, whither he proposed also to invite the Nez Perces, whom he hoped to find somewhere in this neighborhood.  In fact, on the 13th, he was rejoined by that friendly tribe who, since he separated from them on Salmon River, had likewise been out to hunt the buffalo, but had continued to be haunted and harassed by their old enemies the Blackfeet, who, as usual, had contrived to carry off many of their horses.