[4] Constitution, Article I, Sections 2, 6.

[5] Laws of Ohio, II, 63.

[6] Laws of Ohio, V, 53.

[7] Hickok, “The Negro in Ohio,” 41, 42.

[8] Warden, “Statistical, Political and Historical Account of the United States of North America,” 264.

[9] Quillin, “The Color Line in Ohio,” 32.

[10] The Census of the United States, from 1800 to 1850.

[11] Flint’s Letters in Thwaite’s “Early Western Travels,” IX, 239.

[12] Cist, “Cincinnati in 1841,” 37; Cincinnati Daily Gazette, Sept. 14, 1841.

[13] Ibid.

[14] United States Census, 1850.

[15] Ohio State Journal, May 3, 1827; African Repository, III, 254.

[16] Abdy, “Journal of a Tour in the United States,” III, 62.

[17] Jay, “Miscellaneous Writings on Slavery,” 27, 373, 385, 387; Minutes of the Convention of the Colored People of Ohio, 1849.

[18] Barber, “A Report on the Condition of the Colored People of Ohio,” 1840.

[19] Proceedings of the Ohio Antislavery Convention, 1835, 19.

[20] Ibid.

[21] Proceedings of the Ohio Antislavery Convention, 1835, 19.

[22] African Repository, V, 185.

[23] African Repository, V, 185.

[24] For a lengthy account of these efforts see Woodson’s “The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861,” 245, 328, 329; and Hickok, “The Negro in Ohio,” 83, 88.

[25] Fairchild, “Oberlin:  Its Origin, Progress and Results.”

[26] Howe, “Historical Collections of Ohio,” 356.

[27] The Southern Workman, XXXVII, 169.

[28] For a full account see Howe, “Historical Collections of Ohio,” 225-226.

[29] Barber, “Report on the Condition of the Colored People in Ohio,” 1840, and The Philanthropist, July 14 and 21, 1840.

[30] These facts are taken from A. D. Barber’s “Report on the Condition of the Colored People in Ohio” and from other articles contributed to The Philanthropist in July, 1840.

[31] In this case I have taken the statements of Negroes who were employed in this capacity.

[32] The Philanthropist, July 14 and 24, 1840; and May 26, 1841.

[33] Hickok, “The Negro in Ohio,” 89.

[34] The Philanthropist, July 14 and 21, 1840.

[35] The Philanthropist, July 21, 1840.

[36] The Cincinnati Daily Gazette, September 14, 1841.

[37] The Philanthropist, July 21, 1840.

[38] Ibid.

[39] The Cincinnati Daily Gazette, September 14, 1841.

[40] A detailed account of these clashes is given in The Cincinnati Daily Gazette, September 14, 1841.

[41] The Cincinnati Daily Gazette, September, 1841.

[42] A very interesting account of this riot is given in Howe’s “Historical Collections of Ohio,” pages 226-228.