who settled in the Shenandoah in 1734; Robert Harper and others who, in the same year, settled Richard Morgan’s grant near Harper’s Ferry; and Howard, Walker, and Rutledge, who took up land on what became the Fairfax Manor on the South Branch.  In 1738 some Quakers came from Pennsylvania to occupy the Ross Survey of 40,000 acres near Winchester Farm in what is now Frederick County, Virginia.  In the following year John and James Lindsay reached Long Marsh, and Isaac Larne of New Jersey the same district about the same time; while Joseph Carter of Bucks County, Pennsylvania, built his cabin on the Opequon near Winchester in 1743, and Joseph Hampton with his two sons came from Maryland to Buck Marsh near Berryville.  But it is a more important fact that Burden, a Scotch-Irishman, obtained a large grant of land and settled it with hundreds of his race during the period from 1736 to 1743, and employed an agent to continue the work.  With Burden came the McDowells, Alexanders, Campbells, McClungs, McCampbells, McCowans, and McKees, Prestons, Browns, Wallaces, Wilsons, McCues, and Caruthers.  They settled the upper waters of the Shenandoah and the James, while the Germans had by this time well covered the territory between what is known as Harrisonburg and the present site of Harper’s Ferry.  See Maury, “Physical Survey,” 42; Virginia Magazine, IX, 337-352; Washington’s Journal, 47-48; Wayland, “German Element of the Shenandoah,” 110.

[3] Wayland, “German Element of the Shenandoah,” 28-30; Virginia Historical Register, III, 10.

[4] See Meade, “Old Families of Virginia,” The Transalleghany Historical Magazine, I and II; De Hass, “The Settlement of Western Virginia,” 71, 75; Kercheval, “History of the Valley,” 61-71; Faust, “The German Element in the United States.”

[5] Dunning, “The History of Political Theory from Luther to Montesquieu,” 9,10.

[6] Not in Text

[7] Buchanan, the most literary of these reformers, insisted that society originates in the effort of men to escape from the primordial state of nature, that in a society thus formed the essential to well-being is justice, that justice is maintained by laws rather than by kings, that the maker of the laws is the people, and that the interpreter of the laws is not the king, but the body of judges chosen by the people.  He reduced the power of the ruler to the minimum, the only power assigned to him being to maintain the morals of the state by making his life a model of virtuous living.  The reformer claimed, too, that when the ruler exceeds his power he becomes a tyrant, and that people are justified in rejecting the doctrine of passive obedience and slaying him.  See Buchanan, “De Jure Apud Scotos” (Aberdeen, 1762); Dunning, “History of Political Theories from Luther to Montesquieu”; and P. Hume Brown, “Biography of John Knox.”