resembling Indian corn], Castilian fowls, buffaloes, swine, and goats.  They have wines of many kinds:  brandy, made from palm-wine (which is obtained from the cocoa-nut palm, and from the wild nipa palm); pitarrillos, which are the wines made from rice, millet, and borona; and other wines, made from sugar-cane.  There are fragrant fruits—­large and small bananas, and nancas.  These nancas are as large as a winter melon, and contain a yellow fruit of the size of a friar’s plum, within which is a kernel that, when roasted, has the flavor of a chestnut.  It has a delicious taste, and there is no fruit in Spain that will compare with it.  There is abundance of fish, and much game—­deer, mountain boars, and excellent waterfowl.”  For enumeration and brief description of the leading vegetable products of the archipelago, see Philippine Gazetteer, pp. 70-95.  Fuller descriptions are given in various documents which will be reproduced in the present series.

We may add here that, “on the death of Legazpi, which occurred in August, 1572, so many unauthorized and irregular acts were committed by Andres de Mirandaola that the governor, Guido de Lavezares, was compelled to ship him to New Spain, with other persons whose presence in the archipelago cast odium on the Spanish name” (Cartas de Indias, p. 804).

[13] The Mirandaola MS. already mentioned enumerates the articles exported from the Philippines—­“wax, cotton, cotton-seed, tortoise shells, and buffalo horns;” also the imports, “provisions, buffaloes, live hogs, and wine;” also “silks, porcelains, benzoin, and musk.”

[14] “Because they say that their god orders them not to take out the gold, except on the arrival of foreign vessels.” (Mirandaola MS.)

[15] Cabit, in the Mirandaola MS.; now Cauit, a point in N.E.  Mindanao.

[16] For account of the forest wealth of the archipelago, see the recently-issued Gazetteer of the Philippine Islands, published by the United States Bureau of Insular Affairs (Washington, 1902), pp. 85-93; it contains a list of nearly two hundred kinds of trees whose wood has economic value.

[17] “All the natives of Cubu have been converted, both chiefs and followers, except two chiefs, Sumaquio and Batungay.  These men have not been converted, because they are not willing to leave their wives; Sumaquio has two wives, and Batungay three.” (Mirandaola MS.)

[18] “In Panae, and in Luzon and Vindanao.” (Mirandaola MS.)

[19] This word may be “your;” it is uncertain whether the Spanish word is nra or vra.

[20] Evidently referring to the account of these proceeding which Legazpi sent to the viceroy, Marques de Falces (See p. 44 ff., ante).

[21] The almude is one-twelfth of a fanega, or about 4 1/4 United States quarts.