Vice and depravity 2,752
        Death of parents, husband, etc. 2,139
        Seduction by lover 1,653
        Seduction by employer 927
        Abandoned by parents, husband, etc. 794
        Love of luxury 698
        Incitement by lover or other persons outside
          family 666
        Incitement by parents or husband 400
        To support parents or children 393

(Ferriani, Minorenni Delinquenti, p. 193.) The reasons
assigned by Russian prostitutes for taking up their career are
(according to Federow) as follows: 

38.5 per cent. insufficient wages.
21. per cent. desire for amusement.
14. per cent. loss of place.
9.5 per cent. persuasion by women friends.
6.5 per cent. loss of habit of work.
5.5 per cent. chagrin, and to punish lover.
.5 per cent. drunkenness.

(Summarized in Archives d’Anthropologie Criminelle, Nov. 15,
1901.)

1. The Economic Causation of Prostitution.—­Writers on prostitution frequently assert that economic conditions lie at the root of prostitution and that its chief cause is poverty, while prostitutes themselves often declare that the difficulty of earning a livelihood in other ways was a main cause in inducing them to adopt this career.  “Of all the causes of prostitution,” Parent-Duchatelet wrote a century ago, “particularly in Paris, and probably in all large cities, none is more active than lack of work and the misery which is the inevitable result of insufficient wages.”  In England, also, to a large extent, Sherwell states, “morals fluctuate with trade."[164] It is equally so in Berlin where the number of registered prostitutes increases during bad years.[165] It is so also in America.  It is the same in Japan; “the cause of causes is poverty."[166]

Thus the broad and general statement that prostitution is largely or mainly an economic phenomenon, due to the low wages of women or to sudden depressions in trade, is everywhere made by investigators.  It must, however, be added that these general statements are considerably qualified in the light of the detailed investigations made by careful inquirers.  Thus Stroehmberg, who minutely investigated 462 prostitutes, found that only one assigned destitution as the reason for adopting her career, and on investigation this was found to be an impudent lie.[167] Hammer found that of ninety registered German prostitutes not one had entered on the career out of want or to support a child, while some went on the street while in the possession of money, or without wishing to be paid.[168] Pastor Buschmann, of the Teltow Magdalene Home in Berlin, finds that it is not want but indifference to moral