[Illustration:  EMBRYO AT THIRTY DAYS a, the Head; b, the Eyes; d the Neck; e, the Chest; f, the Abdomen.]

9.  EXCITABILITY OF MIND.—­Excitability of mind is very common in pregnancy, more especially if the patient be delicate; indeed, excitability is a sign of debility, and requires plenty of good nourishment, but few stimulants.

10.  ERUPTIONS ON THE SKIN.—­Principally on the face, neck, or throat, are tell-tales of pregnancy, and to an experienced matron, publish the fact that an acquaintance thus marked is pregnant.

11.  THE FOETAL HEART.—­In the fifth month there is a sign which, if detected, furnishes indubitable evidence of conception, and that is the sound of the child’s heart.  If the ear be placed on the abdomen, over the womb, the beating of the foetal heart can sometimes be heard quite plainly, and by the use of an instrument called the stethoscope, the sounds can be still more plainly heard.  This is a very valuable sign, inasmuch as the presence of the child is not only ascertained, but also its position, and whether there are twins or more.

[Illustration:  Baby Elizabeth, Brought Into the World by the “Twilight Sleep” Method.  It Robs Child Bearing of Most of Its Terrors.]

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DISEASES OF PREGNANCY.

1.  COSTIVE STATE OF THE BOWELS.—­A costive state of the bowels is common in pregnancy; a mild laxative is therefore occasionally necessary.  The mildest must be selected, as a strong purgative is highly improper, and even dangerous.  Calomel and all other preparations of mercury are to be especially avoided, as a mercurial medicine is apt to weaken the system, and sometimes even to produce a miscarriage.  Let me again urge the importance of a lady, during the whole period of pregnancy, being particular as to the state of her bowels, as costiveness is a fruitful cause of painful, tedious and hard labors.

2.  LAXATIVES.—­The best laxatives are caster oil, salad oil, compound rhubarb pills, honey, stewed prunes, stewed rhubarb, Muscatel raisins, figs, grapes, roasted apples, baked pears, stewed Normandy pippins, coffee, brown-bread and treacle.  Scotch oatmeal made with new milk or water, or with equal parts of milk and water.

3.  PILLS.—­When the motions are hard, and when the bowels are easily acted upon, two, or three, or four pills made of Castile soap will frequently answer the purpose; and if they will, are far better than any other ordinary laxative.  The following is a good form.  Take of: 

  Castile Soap, five scruples;
  Oil of Caraway, six drops;

To make twenty-four pills.  Two, or three, or four to be taken at bedtime, occasionally.

4.  HONEY.—­A teaspoonful of honey, either eaten at breakfast or dissolved in a cup of tea, will frequently, comfortably and effectually, open the bowels, and will supersede the necessity of taking laxative medicine.