but a direct incitement to the weak Koreans to fight strong Japan.  Mission premises were searched.  Still more dangerous material was found there, including school essays, written by the students, on men who had rebelled against their Governments or had fought, such as George Washington and Napoleon.  A native pastor had preached about the Kingdom of Heaven; this was rank treason.  He was arrested and warned that “there is only one kingdom out here, and that is the kingdom of Japan.”

In the autumn of 1911 wholesale arrests were made of Christian preachers, teachers, students and prominent church members, particularly in the provinces of Sun-chon and Pyeng-yang.  In the Hugh O’Neill, Jr., Industrial Academy, in Sun-chon, one of the most famous educational establishments in Korea—­where the principal had made the unfortunate choice of David and Goliath for one of his addresses—­so many pupils and teachers were seized by the police that the school had to close.  The men were hurried to jail.  They were not allowed to communicate with their friends, nor to obtain the advice of counsel.  They and their friends were not informed of the charge against them.  This is in accordance with Japanese criminal law.  Eventually 149 persons were sent to Seoul to be placed on trial.  Three were reported to have died under torture or as the result of imprisonment, twenty-three were exiled without trial or released, and 123 were arraigned at the Local Court in Seoul on June 28, 1912, on a charge of conspiracy to assassinate Count Terauchi, Governor-General of Korea.

“The character of the accused men is significant,” wrote Dr. Arthur Judson Brown, an authority who can scarcely be accused by his bitterest critics of unfriendliness to Japan.  “Here were no criminal types, no baser elements of the population, but men of the highest standing, long and intimately known to the missionaries as Koreans of faith and purity of life, and conspicuous for their good influence over the people.  Two were Congregationalists, six Methodists and eighty-nine Presbyterians.  Of the Presbyterians, five were pastors of churches, eight were elders, eight deacons, ten leaders of village groups of Christians, forty-two baptized church members, and thirteen catechumens....  It is about as difficult for those who know them to believe that any such number of Christian ministers, elders and teachers had committed crime as it would be for the people of New Jersey to believe that the faculty, students and local clergy of Princeton were conspirators and assassins.”

Baron Yun Chi-ho, the most conspicuous of the prisoners, had formerly been Vice Foreign Minister under the old Korean Government, and was reckoned by all who knew him as one of the most progressive and sane men in the country.  He was a prominent Christian, wealthy, of high family, a keen educationalist, vice-president of the Korean Y.M.C.A., had travelled largely, spoke English fluently, and had won the confidence and good