Sydney does not produce so good an article, but Queensland better.  The bark is marketed in the stick, ground or chopped.

Madagascar and the Reunion Islands have also a mimosa bark.

The mimosa barks give a reddish colored leather, pump well and contain a high tannin percentage, 10 to 35 per cent.

Now we will consider the fruit tanning materials.

Valonia may truly be called one of the most generally used tanning agents at present employed in Europe.  All countries consume it more or less.  Valonia was first used in England about the beginning of this century.  A few years later Germany began using it, and still later Austria introduced it.  It is the fruit of the oak tree and is obtainable in Asia Minor and the adjacent islands.  In form it resembles the American acorn, but in size it nearly trebles it.  The fruit may be divided into two parts, namely, the cup and acorn, and the cup again divided into trillor and inner cup.  The acorn only contains 10 per cent. tannin, whereas the cup contains from 25 to 40 per cent.

The percentage depends altogether upon the time of harvesting and the place of growth.  The best valonia is derived from Smyrna, and is naturally the highest priced article.  Valonia is worth from 22 to 28 florins ($9 to $11) per 100 kilos. (224 pounds) at present.  The other provinces and islands from which it is obtainable are Demergick, Govalia, Idem, Ivalzick, Troy (this is the best); Metelino Island, the vicinity of Smyrna.  The material sold in three grades—­prime, mazzano; seconds, una aqua; thirds, skart.

The product of Smyrna generally averages: 

Tons.            Price. 
Prime.        2,000 to  3,000      28 florins. 
Seconds.      5,000 to 10,000      25    "
Thirds.      20,000 to 30,000      22    "

The Metilino valonia is a product of a neighboring island, and is a very good article.  It may be easily distinguished by its thin cup.  It is harvested in September.

The Candia valonia is nearly as long as it is wide, in contrast to the Smyrna, which is much wider than long.  The recent harvest showed a return of 800 to 1,000 tons, but no assortment is made.  A grade called the Erstlige is sold, this being the first which has fallen to the ground before maturing.

A peculiarity of the valonia is that it often strikes out a sort of sugar sweat, which gives the cup a less attractive appearance, but denotes the presence of large quantities of tannin.

Valonia is used almost wholly for sole leather, either alone or in combination with pine or oak bark or knoppern and myrabolams.  The union of valonia and knoppern is that in most general use.  Valonia gives the leather a yellowish appearance, as it deposits a great deal of yellow bloom.  The leather is very firm and of good wearing qualities.  The weight results are also excellent, as will be seen below.  To sole leather there are usually given from one to three layers of valonia.  The demand for valonia is increasing more and more every year, and the present outlook does not indicate any relaxation of its popularity.  Its use for upper leather is very limited.