“The green lizard, rustling thro’ the grass,
  And up the fluted shaft, with short, quick, spring
  To vanish in the chinks which time has made."[1]

[Footnote 1:  ROGERS’ Paestum.]

The most beautiful of the race is the green calotes[1], in length about twelve inches, which, with the exception of a few dark streaks about the head, is as brilliant as the purest emerald or malachite.  Unlike its congeners of the same family, it never alters this dazzling hue; whilst many of them possess, but in a less degree, the power, like the chameleon, of exchanging their ordinary colours for others less conspicuous.  One of the most remarkable features in the physiognomy of those lizards is the prominence of their cheeks.  This results from the great development of the muscles of the jaws; the strength of which is such that they can crush the hardest integuments of the beetles on which they feed.  The calotes will permit its teeth to be broken, rather than quit its hold of a stick into which it may have struck them.  It is not provided, like so many other tropical lizards, with a gular sac or throat-pouch, capable of inflation when in a state of high excitement.  The tail, too, is rounded, not compressed, thus clearly indicating that its habits are those of a land-animal.

[Footnote 1:  Calotes sp.]

The Calotes versicolor; and another, the Calotes ophioimachus, of which a figure is attached, possess in a remarkable degree the faculty, above alluded to, of changing their hue.  The head and neck, when the animal is irritated or hastily swallowing its food, become of a brilliant red (whence the latter species has acquired the name of the “blood-sucker"), whilst the usual tint of the rest of the body is converted into pale yellow.[1] The sitana[2], and a number of others, exhibit similar phenomena.

[Footnote 1:  The characteristics by which the Calotes ophiomachus may be readily recognised, are a small crest formed by long spines running on each side of the neck to above the ear, coupled with a green ground-colour of the scales.  Many specimens are uniform, others banded transversely with white, and others again have a black band on each side of the neck.]

[Footnote 2:  Sitana Ponticereana, Cuv.]

The lyre-headed lizard[1], which is not uncommon in the woods about Kandy, is more bulky than any of the species of Calotes, and not nearly so active in its movements.

[Footnote 1:  Lyriocephalus scutatus, Linn.]

As usually observed it is of a dull greenish brown, but when excited its back becomes a rich olive green, leaving the head yellowish:  the underside of the body is of a very pale blue, almost approaching white.  The open mouth exhibits the fauces of an intense vermilion tint; so that, although extremely handsome, this lizard presents, from its extraordinarily shaped head and threatening gestures, a most malignant aspect.  It is, however, perfectly harmless.