THE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.—­In 1895 there was born into the world a scientific organization having for its second declared object “the preservation of our native animals.”  It was the first scientific society or corporation ever formed, so far as I am aware, having a specifically declared object of that kind.  It owes its existence and its presence in the field of wild-life conservation to the initiative and persistence of Mr. Madison Grant and Prof.  Henry Fairfield Osborn.  For sixteen years these two officers have worked together virtually as one man.  It is not strange to find a sportsman like Mr. Grant promoting the wild-life cause, but it is a fact well worthy of note that of all the zoologists of the world, Professor Osborn is the only one of real renown who has actively and vigorously engaged in this cause, and taken a place in the front rank of the Defenders.

Mr. Grant’s influence on the protection cause has been strong and far-reaching,—­far more so than the majority of his own friends are aware.  He has promoted important protectionist causes from Alaska to Louisiana and Newfoundland, and helped to win many important victories.

THE BOONE AND CROCKETT CLUB.—­This organization of big game sportsmen was founded in 1885, and is the oldest of its kind in the United States.  Its members always have supported the cause of protection, by law and by the making of game preserves.  In all this work Mr. George Bird Grinnell, for twenty-five years editor of Forest and Stream, has been an important factor.  As stated elsewhere, the club’s written and unwritten code of ethics in big-game hunting is very strict.  In course of time a Committee on Game Protection was formed, and it actively entered that field.

[Illustration:  NOTABLE PROTECTORS OF WILD LIFE (III) JOSEPH KALBFUS Chief Game Protector and Secretary, Pennsylvania Board of Game Commissioners

JOHN M. PHILLIPS
Member, Pennsylvania Board of Game Commissioners

EDWARD A. McILHENNY
Founder of Wild-Fowl Preserves in Louisiana

CHARLES WILLIS WARD
Founder of Wild-Fowl preserves in Louisiana]

THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF AUDUBON SOCIETIES.—­This organization was founded by William Dutcher, in 1902, and in 1906 it was endowed to the extent of $322,000 by the bequest of Albert Wilcox.  Subsequent endowments, together with the annual contributions of members and friends, now give the Association an annual income of $60,000.  It maintains eight widely-separated field agents and lecturers and forty special game wardens of bird refuges.  It maintains Secretary T. Gilbert Pearson and a number of other good men constantly on the firing-line; and these forces have achieved many valuable results.  After years of stress and struggle, it now seems almost certain that this organization will save the two white egrets,—­producers of “the white badge of cruelty,”—­to the bird fauna of the United States, as in a similar manner it has saved the gulls, terns and other sea birds of our lakes and coast line.