HARLAND, HENRY (1861-1905).—­Novelist, b. of American parentage at St. Petersburg, and ed. at Rome.  Thereafter he went to Paris, and thence to America, where he graduated at Harvard, and settled in New York.  His literary career falls into two distinctly marked sections, very diverse in character.  During the first of these he produced, under the pseudonym of “Sidney Luska,” a series of highly sensational novels, thrown off with little regard to literary quality, and which it was his wish should be forgotten; but about 1890 his aspirations underwent a complete change, and he became an enthusiast in regard to style and the mot propre.  The first novels of this new era, Mademoiselle Miss (1893), Grey Roses (1895), and Comedies and Errors (1898), though obtaining the approval of the literary elect, had little general popularity; but the tide turned with the appearance of The Cardinal’s Snuff-box (1900), which was widely admired.  It was followed by The Lady Paramount (1901), and My Friend Prospero (1903).  H. d. at San Remo after a prolonged illness.

HARRINGTON, JAMES (1611-1677).—­Political theorist, s. of Sir Sapcotes H., was b. at Upton, Northamptonshire, and ed. at Oxf., where he was a pupil of Chillingworth.  After leaving the university he travelled on the Continent, visiting, among other places, The Hague and Venice, where he imbibed republican principles.  He was for some time a groom of the bedchamber to Charles I. On the outbreak of the Civil War he sided with the Parliament, but disapproved of the execution of the King, for whom he appears, notwithstanding his political theories, to have cherished a personal attachment.  Thereafter he withdrew from active life, and devoted himself to composing his political romance (as it may be called) of Oceana, which he pub. in 1656, and in which Oceana represents England, Marpesia Scotland, and Panopaea Ireland.  In this work he propounds the theory that the natural element of power in states is property, of which land is the most important.  He further endeavoured to propagate his views by establishing a debating society called the Rota, and by his conversations with his friends.  After the Restoration he was confined in the Tower, and subsequently at Plymouth.  He issued several defences of Oceana, and made translations from Virgil.  In his later years he laboured under mental delusions.  Aubrey describes him as of middle stature, strong, well-set, with quick, fiery hazel eyes, and thick curly hair.

HARRIS, JAMES (1709-1780).—­Grammarian, was a wealthy country gentleman and member of Parliament, who held office in the Admiralty and the Treasury.  He was the author of a singular and learned work entitled Hermes, or a Philosophical Inquiry concerning Universal Grammar.  For the purpose which it had in view it is useless; but it contains much curious matter.  His s. was the eminent diplomatist, James H., 1st Earl of Malmesbury.