further, what could be more consistent with the Whiggish notion of a revolution-principle, than to bring in the Pretender?  A revolution-principle, as their writings and discourses have taught us to define it, is a principle perpetually disposing men to revolutions:  and this is suitable to the famous saying of a great Whig, “That the more revolutions the better”; which how odd a maxim soever in appearance, I take to be the true characteristic of the party.

A dog loves to turn round often; yet after certain revolutions, he lies down to rest:  but heads, under the dominion of the moon, are for perpetual changes, and perpetual revolutions:  besides, the Whigs owe all their wealth to wars and revolutions; like the girl at Bartholomew-fair, who gets a penny by turning round a hundred times, with swords in her hands.[11]

To conclude, the Whigs have a natural faculty of bringing in pretenders, and will therefore probably endeavour to bring in the great one at last:  How many pretenders to wit, honour, nobility, politics, have they brought in these last twenty years?  In short, they have been sometimes able to procure a majority of pretenders in Parliament; and wanted nothing to render the work complete, except a Pretender at their head.

[Footnote 1:  No. 39 in the reprint. [T.S.]]

[Footnote 2:  Juvenal, “Satires,” ii. 24.

  “Who his spleen could rein,
  And hear the Gracchi of the mob complain?”—­W.  GIFFORD.

  [T.S.]]

[Footnote 3:  The Calves-Head Club “was erected by an impudent set of people, who have their feast of calves-heads in several parts of the town, on the 30th of January; in derision of the day, and defiance of monarchy” ("Secret History of the Calves-Head Club,” 1703). [T.S.]]

[Footnote 4:  These works can hardly be called “tracts.”  Algernon Sidney’s “Discourses concerning Government” (1698), is a portly folio of 467 pages, and Ludlow’s “Memoirs” (1698-9) occupy three stout octavo volumes. [T.S.]]

[Footnote 5:  On July 21st, 1683, the University of Oxford passed a decree condemning as “false, seditious, and impious,” a series of twenty-seven propositions, among which were the following: 

“All civil authority is derived originally from the people.”

“The King has but a co-ordinate power, and may be over-ruled by the Lords and Commons.”

“Wicked kings and tyrants ought to be put to death.”

“King Charles the First was lawfully put to death.”

The decree was reprinted in 1709/10 with the title, “An Entire Confutation of Mr. Hoadley’s Book, of the Original of Government.”  It was burnt by the order of the House of Lords, dated March 23rd, 1709/10. [T.S.]]

[Footnote 6:  In a letter to Dr. Chenevix, Bishop of Waterford (dated May 23rd, 1758), Lord Chesterfield, speaking of Swift’s “Last Four Years,” says that it “is a party pamphlet, founded on the lie of the day, which, as Lord Bolingbroke who had read it often assured me, was coined and delivered out to him, to write ‘Examiners’ and other political papers upon” (Chesterfield’s “Works,” ii. 498, edit. 1777). [T.S.]]