relating to the Merchant Adventurers of York.  See The York Mercers and Merchant Adventurers, 1356-1917, ed.  M. Sellers (Surtees Soc., 1918), pp. 117, 121-5, 160, 170-1; see Miss Sellers’ note, ibid., p. 122, quoting W. Cunningham:  ’The ancient Celtic fairs ... were a widespread primitive institution and appear to have been fixed for dates marked by the change of seasons.’—­Scottish Hist.  Review, xiii, p. 168.  For instance, a document of 1509 (’For now att this cold marte last past, holdyn at Barow in Brabond,’ loc. cit. p. 121) disposes of the idea that the Cold mart was the mart at Cortemarck, while another document refers to merchants intending to ship ‘to the cold martes’ and ‘to the synxon martes’ in the plural. Ibid., p. 123.  The identification of Balms mart with the fair at St Remy on August 8 is, moreover, belied by the same document (1510-11), which runs, ’Whereas this present marte ... we have lycensed and set you at libertie to shipp your commodities to the balmes marte next coming.  Nevertheless ... we thinke it good ... that upon the recepte of these our letters ye ... assemble and consult together, and if ye shall thinke good amongest yourselffs ... discretly to withdraw and with holde your hands from shippyng to the said balmes marte....  Wryten at Andwarp the xvij day of August.’ Ibid., p. 124.  The Balms mart was obviously the autumn fairtide, and Mr Malden is no doubt right in identifying Balms (Bammys, Bammes) with Bamis, the local Flemish name of St Remy; St Remy’s Day was October 28, and the Balms mart was not the mart held on August 8 at St Remy, but the mart held on and round about St Remy’s Day.  Another document of 1552 gives interesting information about the shippings for three of the marts:  ’The last daye of shippinge unto the fyrst shippinge beinge for the pasche marte is ordeyned to be the laste of Marche nexte ensuyinge; and the seconde shippinge which is appointed for the sinxon marte the laste day to the same, is appoynted the laste of June then nexte followinge; and unto the colde marte the laste day of shippinge is appoynted to be the laste of November then nexte insuyinge.’—­Ibid., p. 147.  The Merchant Adventurers tried sometimes to restrict merchants to the Cold and the Synxon marts, which were the most important.

65. Cely Papers, p. xl, and passim.

66. Ibid., p. 74.  Richard Cely the younger to George:  ’I understand that ye have a fair hawk.  I am right glad of her, for I trust to God she shall make you and me right great sport.  If I were sure at what passage ye would send her I would fetch her at Dover and keep her till ye come.  A great infortune is fallen on your bitch, for she had 14 fair whelps, and after that she had whelped she would never eat meat, and so she is dead and all her whelps; but I trust to purvey against your coming as fair and as good to please that gentleman.’—­Ibid., p. 74.