they will propagate and multiply the race; and all will be, in short, united and fraternal, and Christian.  This is something which has never occurred or been accomplished in any part of the Yndias which has been discovered and settled, since those people were so barbarous and brutal, so ugly, vile, and poor, that [Europeans] have seldom formed unions in the bonds of marriage.  In the few cases of such marriages, they have been considered ignominious, and the parties, with their children and descendants, have incurred a sort of infamy and disgrace.  On this account, there has been among these nations neither friendship, unity, nor safety; on the side of the natives, neither confidence, nor increase of numbers, nor development, nor sincerity; and, for the Spaniards, neither fixed residence nor industry.  Accordingly there has been neither settlement nor government; and everywhere there has been a barbarous mode of life, and ruin and depravity, in both spiritual and temporal matters.  In the laws and government, and in regard to estates, villages, and individuals, everything has steadily gone from bad to worse, and is in a very feeble condition.  Nothing of this sort will occur in China, nor will there be room for these disorders, on account of the opportunity which such marriages will furnish for friendship, and for familiar intercourse as between equals.  We shall thus maintain ourselves, and become established in that land, on account of the said traits of the people—­their virtue and beauty, dignity, wealth, and prudence—­and many other advantages of that country.

Ninth:  Not only for this reason, but because that country is very healthful and well supplied, and prolific in all generation and progagation, there will soon be born a great multitude of boys and youths among the Spaniards and Chinese.  Then will be needed not only schools to teach reading and writing, as has been said, but the sciences; and universities—­in which will be taught, besides Latin and other languages, philosophy, theology, and other forms of learning.  For these studies, the Chinese possess excellent memories and understanding and very keen faculties.  They have gentle dispositions, and well-shaped figures.  They are very neat, and polite and serious in behavior, and lead temperate lives.  They have the qualifications and the possessions for any office or dignity, and they occupy and represent these with much more authority and severity than do our people.  On the other hand, they display much gentleness and suavity—­all the more since there are no severe or outrageous punishments in those realms, which are so settled and peaceable, and ruled with such justice that it compels admiration.