“The English War Department had what they called the Royal Aircraft Factory, where some experimental work was done, but the day war was declared the British Army had less than one hundred serviceable flying machines of all types.  What proved to be the most useful plane used by the British for the first year of the war was only a blueprint when the fighting started.  France was better off.  She had factories that could make aero engines.  But as to actual planes, three hundred would be an outside figure of the number with which France went to war.

“The use of the aeroplane in war was a subject which gave much discussion, but few people, even in the army, thought that the aeroplane would be of great service except for scouting.  At the airdrome where I learned to fly we used to practice dropping bombs—–­imaginary ones, of course—–­but we were so inaccurate at it that none of us imagined we would be of much use in that direction in actual warfare.  I have heard it said that the Germans directed their artillery by signals dropped from aircraft at the very beginning.  They did so before they had fought many weeks, anyway.  Boche fliers, English gunners have told me, used to hover over battery positions and drop long colored streamers and odd showers of colored lights.  It was some time before the Allied airman contributed much to the value of the Allied gunfire.  When they got at it, they beat the Huns at their own game, for the war had not been on many months before British planes were flying over Boche batteries and sending back wireless messages from wireless telegraph installations on the machines themselves.

“The Boches had lots more machines than the Allies, and their army command had apparently worked out plans about using them which were new to our side.  I saw some of the early war-work of the British fliers, for I got into the Army Service Corps, the transport service, and came out to the front early in 1915.  I did not get transferred into the flying part of the business until the end of that year.  There is no question but that the quality of the British flying men was what put them ahead of the Germans long before they were equal mechanically.  The French, too, are really great fliers.  The Boches try hard, and are certainly brave enough, but there is something in the Boche makeup that makes him bound to be second-best to our lot.  I have heard lots of discussions on the subject, and I think those who argue that the Boche lacks an element of sportsmanship just about hit the weak point in his armor as regards flying.

“The flying game has been one long succession of discarding the machines we thought best at one time.  That applies to the Germans as much as it does to us.  One has to go back to the start to realize how much flying has progressed.  First, engine construction is another thing to-day.  They can make engines in England now, though they were a long time getting to the point where they could