and the name Broughton now occupies this midway spot, Brige and Broughton may be safely assumed to be the same.  This method shows Leicester to be the Roman Ratae, Carlisle to be Luguvallum, Newcastle Pons Aelii, etc., with so much probability that none of these identifications have been seriously disputed amongst antiquaries; while few are found to deny that Cambridge represents Camboricum,[206] Huntingdon (or Godmanchester) Durolipons, Silchester Calleva, etc.  A list of all the sites which may be said to be fairly certified will be found at the end of this chapter.

B. 7.—­Beyond them we come to about as many more names in our ancient catalogues of which all we can say is that we know the district to which they belong, and may safely apply them to one or other of the existing Roman sites in that district; the particular application being disputed with all the heat of the odium archaeologicum.  Thus Bremetonacum was certainly in Lancashire; but whether it is now Lancaster, or Overborough, or Ribchester, we will not say; Caesaromagum was certainly in Essex; but was it Burghstead, Widford, or Chelmsford?  And was the original Camalodunum at Colchester, Lexden, or Maldon?

B. 8.—­And, yet further, we find, especially in the Ravenna list, multitudes of names with nothing whatever to tell us of their whereabouts; though nearly all have been seized upon by rival antiquaries, and ascribed to this, that, and the other of the endless Roman sites which meet us all over the country.[207]

B. 9.—­For it must be remembered that there are very few old towns in England where Roman remains have not been found, often in profusion; and even amongst the villages such finds are exceedingly common wherever excavations on any large scale have been undertaken.  Thus in the Cam valley, where the “coprolite” digging[208] resulted in the systematic turning over of a considerable area, their number is astounding, proving the existence of a teeming population.  Many thousands of coins were turned up, scarcely ever in hordes, but scattered singly all over the land, testifying to the amount of petty traffic which must have gone on generation after generation.  For these coins are very rarely of gold or silver, and amongst them are found the issues of every Roman Emperor from Augustus to Valentinian III.  And, besides the coins, the soil was found to teem with fragments of Roman pottery; while the many “ashpits” discovered—­as many as thirty in a single not very large field—­have furnished other articles of domestic use, such as thimbles.[209] Even horseshoes have been found, though their use only came in with the 5th century of our era.[210]