[Footnote 409:  Pope from 177-191.]

[Footnote 410:  Haddan and Stubbs, i. 25.  The ‘Catalogus’ was composed early in the 4th century, but the incident is a later insertion.]

[Footnote 411:  See p. 225.]

[Footnote 412:  He is mentioned by Gildas, along with Julius and Aaron of Caerleon.  These last were already locally canonized in the 9th century, as the ‘Liber Landavensis’ testifies; and the sites of their respective churches could still be traced, according to Bishop Godwin, in the 17th century.]

[Footnote 413:  Eborius of York, Restitutus of London, and Adelfius of “Colonia Londinensium.”  The last word is an obvious misreading.  Haddan and Stubbs (’Concilia,’ p. 7) suggest Legionensium, i.e.  Caerleon.]

[Footnote 414:  It is more reasonable to assume this than to imagine, with Mr. French, that these three formed the entire British episcopate.  And there is reason to suppose that York, London, and Caerleon were metropolitan sees.]

[Footnote 415:  Canon x.:  De his qui conjuges suas in adulterio deprehendunt, et iidem sunt fideles, et prohibentur nubere; Placuit ... ne viventibus uxoribus suis, licet adulteris, alias accipiant. [Haddan, ‘Concilia,’ p. 7.]]

[Footnote 416:  ‘Ad Jovian’ (A.D. 363).]

[Footnote 417:  ‘Contra Judaeos’ (A.D. 387).]

[Footnote 418:  ‘Serm. de Util.  Lect.  Script.’]

[Footnote 419:  Hom. xxviii., in II.  Corinth.]

[Footnote 420:  This text seems from very early days to have been a sort of Christian watchword (being, as it were, an epitome of the Faith).  The Coronation Oath of our English Kings is still, by ancient precedent, administered on this passage, i.e. the Book is opened for the King’s kiss at this point.  In mediaeval romance we find the words considered a charm against ghostly foes; and to this day the text is in use as a phylactery amongst the peasantry of Ireland.]

[Footnote 421:  Ep. xlix. ad Paulinum.  These pilgrimages are also mentioned by Palladius (420) and Theodoret (423).]

[Footnote 422:  Ep. lxxxiv. ad Oceanum.]

[Footnote 423:  Ep. ci. ad Evang.]

[Footnote 424:  Whithern (in Latin Casa Candida) probably derived its name from the white rough-casting with which the dark stone walls of this church were covered, a strange sight to Pictish eyes, accustomed only to wooden buildings.]

[Footnote 425:  The practice, now so general, of dedicating a church to a saint unconnected with the locality, was already current at Rome.  But hitherto Britain had retained the more primitive habit, by which (if a church was associated with any particular name) it was called after the saint who first built or used it, or, like St. Alban’s, the martyr who suffered on the spot.  Besides Whithern, the church of Canterbury was dedicated about this time to St. Martin, showing the close ecclesiastical sympathy between Gaul and Britain.]