[Footnote 48:  The miracle, it is said, consisted in three things:  (1.) Mohammed, by the direction of the angel Gabriel, took a handful of gravel and threw it towards the enemy in the attack, saying, “May their faces be confounded”; whereupon they immediately turned their backs and fled.  But, though the prophet seemingly threw the gravel himself, yet it is told in the Koran that it was not he, but God, who threw it, that is to say, by the ministry of his angel. (2.) The Mohammedan troops seemed to the infidels to be twice as many in number as themselves, which greatly discouraged them. (3.) God sent down to their assistance first a thousand, and afterwards three thousand angels, led by Gabriel, mounted on his horse Haizum; and, according to the Koran, these celestial auxiliaries really did all the execution, though Mohammed’s men imagined themselves did it, and fought stoutly at the same time.]

[Footnote 49:  The proper name of the Mohammedan religion, which signifies the resigning or devoting one’s self entirely to God and his service.  This they say is the religion which all the prophets were sent to teach, being founded on the unity of God.]

[Footnote 50:  The Mohammedans have a tradition that the first banner of the infidels that shall be set up, on the day of judgment, will be that of the Jews; and that God will first reproach them with their wickedness, over the heads of those who are present, and then order them to hell.]

[Footnote 51:  This phrase signifies a man in full age, that is, between thirty and thirty-four.]

[Footnote 52:  Such as the eating of fish that have neither fins nor scales, the caul and fat of animals, and camel’s flesh, and to work on the Sabbath.]

[Footnote 53:  In Arabic, al Hawariyun:  which word they derive from Hara, “to be white,” and suppose the apostles were so-called either from the candor and sincerity of their minds, or because they were princes and wore white garments, or else because they were by trade fullers.]

[Footnote 54:  Some Mohammedans say this was done by the ministry of Gabriel; but others that a strong whirlwind took him up from Mount Olivet.]

[Footnote 55:  A gold coin worth about $2.50.]

[Footnote 56:  Becca is another name of Mecca.  Al Beidawi observes that the Arabs used the “M” and “B” promiscuously in several words.]

[Footnote 57:  It is related of Hasan the son of Ali that a slave having once thrown a dish on him boiling hot, as he sat at table, and fearing his master’s resentment, fell immediately on his knees, and repeated these words, “Paradise is for those who bridle their anger.”  Hasan answered, “I am not angry.”  The slave proceeded, “and for those who forgive men.”  “I forgive you,” said Hasan.  The slave, however, finished the verse, adding, “for God loveth the beneficent.”  “Since it is so,” replied Hasan, “I give you your liberty, and four hundred pieces of silver.”  A noble instance of moderation and generosity.]