gods into daemons. 22.  Judaism.  Recognizes foreign gods at first. Elohim, but they get degraded in time.  Beelzebub, Belial, etc. 23.  Early Christians treat gods of Greece in the same way.  St. Paul’s view. 24.  The Church, however, did not stick to its colours in this respect.  Honesty not the best policy.  A policy of compromise. 25.  The oracles.  Sosthenion and St. Michael.  Delphi.  St. Gregory’s saintliness and magnanimity.  Confusion of pagan gods and Christian saints. 26.  Church in North Europe.  Thonar, etc., are devils, but Balda gets identified with Christ. 27.  Conversion of Britons.  Their gods get turned into fairies rather than devils.  Deuce.  Old Nick. 28.  Subsequent evolution of belief.  Carlyle’s Abbot Sampson.  Religious formulae of witchcraft. 29.  The Reformers and Catholics revive the old accusations.  The Reformers only go half-way in scepticism.  Calfhill and Martiall. 30.  Catholics.  Siege of Alkmaar.  Unfortunate mistake of a Spanish prisoner. 31.  Conditions that tended to vivify the belief during Elizabethan era. 32.  The new freedom.  Want of rules of evidence.  Arthur Hacket and his madnesses.  Sneezing.  Cock-crowing.  Jackdaw in the House of Commons.  Russell and Drake both mistaken for devils. 33.  Credulousness of people.  “To make one danse naked.”  A parson’s proof of transubstantiation. 34.  But the Elizabethans had strong common sense nevertheless.  People do wrong if they set them down as fools.  If we had not learned to be wiser than they, we should have to be ashamed of ourselves.  We shall learn nothing from them if we don’t try to understand them.

III.

35.  The three heads. 36. (I.) Classification of devils.  Greater and lesser devils.  Good and bad angels. 37.  Another classification, not popular. 38.  Names of greater devils.  Horribly uncouth.  The number of them.  Shakspere’s devils. 39. (II.) Form of devils of the greater. 40.  Of the lesser.  The horns, goggle eyes, and tail.  Scot’s carnal-mindedness.  He gets his book burnt, and written against by James I. 41.  Spenser’s idol-devil. 42.  Dramatists’ satire of popular opinion. 43.  Favourite form for appearing in when conjured.  Devils in Macbeth. 44.  Powers of devils. 45.  Catholic belief in devil’s power to create bodies. 46.  Reformers deny this, but admit that he deceives people into believing that he can do so, either by getting hold of a dead body, and restoring animation. 47.  Or by means of illusion. 48.  The common people stuck to the Catholic doctrine.  Devils appear in likeness of an ordinary human being. 49.  Even a living one, which was sometimes awkward.  “The Troublesome Raigne of King John.”  They like to appear as priests or parsons.  The devil quoting Scripture. 50.  Other human shapes. 51.  Animals.  Ariel. 52.  Puck. 53.  “The Witch of Edmonton.”  The devil on the stage.  Flies.  Urban Grandier.  Sir M. Hale. 54.  Devils as angels.  As Christ.