“The Pensioner’s gown and cap are mostly of the same material and shape as those of the Bachelor’s:  the gown differs only in the mode of trimming.  At Trinity and Caius Colleges the gown is purple, with large sleeves, terminating in a point.  At St. Peter’s and Queen’s, the gown is precisely the same as that of a Bachelor; and at King’s, the same, but made of fine black woollen cloth.  At Corpus Christi is worn a B.A. gown, with black velvet facings.  At Downing and Trinity Hall the gown is made of black bombazine, with large sleeves, looped up at the elbows.[16]

“Students in the Civil Law and in Physic, who have kept their Acts, wear a full-sleeved gown, and are entitled to use a B.A. hood.

“Bachelors of Arts and Undergraduates are obliged by the statutes to wear their academical costume constantly in public, under a penalty of 6s. 8d. for every omission.[17]

“Very few of the University Officers have distinctive dresses.

“The Chancellor’s gown is of black damask silk, very richly embroidered with gold.  It is worn with a broad, rich lace band, and square velvet cap with large gold tassel.

“The Vice-Chancellor dresses merely as a Doctor, except at Congregations in the Senate-House, when he wears a cope.  When proceeding to St. Mary’s, or elsewhere, in his official capacity, he is preceded by the three Esquire-Bedells with their silver maces, which were the gift of Queen Elizabeth.

“The Regius Professors of the Civil Law and of Physic, when they preside at Acts in the Schools, wear copes, and round black velvet caps with gold tassels.

“The Proctors are not distinguishable from other Masters of Arts, except at St. Mary’s Church and at Congregations, when they wear cassocks and black silk ruffs, and carry the Statutes of the University, being attended by two servants, dressed in large blue cloaks, ornamented with gold-lace buttons.

“The Yeoman-Bedell, in processions, precedes the Esquire-Bedells, carrying an ebony mace, tipped with silver; his gown, as well as those of the Marshal and School-Keeper, is made of black prince’s stuff, with square collar, and square hanging sleeves.”—­pp. 28-33.

At the University of Oxford, Eng., the costume of the Graduates is as follows:—­

“The Doctor in Divinity has three dresses:  the first consists of a gown of scarlet cloth, with black velvet sleeves and facings, a cassock, sash, and scarf.  This dress is worn on all public occasions in the Theatre, in public processions, and on those Sundays and holidays marked (*) in the Oxford Calendar.  The second is a habit of scarlet cloth, and a hood of the same color lined with black, and a black silk scarf:  the Master of Arts’ gown is worn under this dress, the sleeves appearing through the arm-holes of the habit.  This is the dress of business; it is used in Convocation, Congregation, at Morning