After referring to the instance mentioned above, in which corporal punishment was inflicted at Harvard College, the author speaks as follows, in reference to the same subject, as connected with the English universities.  “The excerpts from the body of Oxford statutes, printed in the very year when this College was founded, threaten corporal punishment to persons of the proper age,—­that is, below the age of eighteen,—­for a variety of offences; and among the rest for disrespect to Seniors, for frequenting places where ’vinum aut quivis alius potus aut herba Nicotiana ordinarie venditur,’ for coming home to their rooms after the great Tom or bell of Christ’s Church had sounded, and for playing football within the University precincts or in the city streets.  But the statutes of Trinity College, Cambridge, contain more remarkable rules, which are in theory still valid, although obsolete in fact.  All the scholars, it is there said, who are absent from prayers,—­Bachelors excepted,—­if over eighteen years of age, ’shall be fined a half-penny, but if they have not completed the year of their age above mentioned, they shall be chastised with rods in the hall on Friday.’  At this chastisement all undergraduates were required to be lookers on, the Dean having the rod of punishment in his hand; and it was provided also, that whosoever should not answer to his name on this occasion, if a boy, should be flogged on Saturday.  No doubt this rigor towards the younger members of the society was handed down from the monastic forms which education took in the earlier schools of the Middle Ages.  And an advance in the age of admission, as well as a change in the tone of treatment of the young, may account for this system being laid aside at the universities; although, as is well known, it continues to flourish at the great public schools of England.”—­pp. 49-51.

CORPORATION.  The general government of colleges and universities is usually vested in a corporation aggregate, which is preserved by a succession of members.  “The President and Fellows of Harvard College,” says Mr. Quincy in his History of Harvard University, “being the only Corporation in the Province, and so continuing during the whole of the seventeenth century, they early assumed, and had by common usage conceded to them, the name of “The Corporation,” by which they designate themselves in all the early records.  Their proceedings are recorded as being done ’at a meeting of the Corporation,’ or introduced by the formula, ’It is ordered by the Corporation,’ without stating the number or the names of the members present, until April 19th, 1675, when, under President Oakes, the names of those present were first entered on the records, and afterwards they were frequently, though not uniformly, inserted.”—­Vol.  I. p. 274.