was a gateway placed between students’ rooms.  Marie de St. Paul also received permission from two successive Avignonese Popes to build a chapel with a bell tower at the north-west corner of the quadrangle, and to some extent these exist to-day, incorporated in the reference library and an adjoining lecture-room.  Of the other buildings to be seen at the present time the oldest is the Ivy Court, dating from 1633 to 1659.  Since then architect has succeeded architect, from Sir Christopher Wren, who built a new chapel in 1667, to Mr. G.G.  Scott, the designer of the most easterly buildings in the style of the French Renaissance.  Between these comes the street front by Waterhouse, for whose unpleasing facade no one seems to have a good word.  There has indeed been such frequent rebuilding at Pembroke that the glamour of association has been to a great extent swept away.  This is doubly sad in view of the long list of distinguished names associated with the foundation.  Among them are found Thomas Rotherham, Archbishop of York, who was Master of Pembroke; Foxe, the great Bishop of Winchester and patron of learning; Ridley; Grindal, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury; Matthew Hutton and Whitgift.  Beside these masters Edmund Spenser, the poet Gray, and William Pitt are names of which Pembroke will always be proud.

Caius.—­In the year following the founding of Pembroke Edmund de Gonville added another society to those already established.  This was in 1348, but three years later the good man died and left the carrying on of his college to William Bateman, Bishop of Norwich, who had just founded Trinity Hall.  He found it convenient to transfer Gonville’s foundation to a site opposite his own college, and from this time until the famous Dr. Caius (Kayes or Keyes) reformed it in 1557, the college was known as Gonville Hall.

[Illustration:  The gate of honour caius college.  On the left is the Senate House, in the centre the East End of King’s College Chapel, and on the right the University Library.]

The buildings now comprise three courts, the largest called Tree Court, being to the east, and the two smaller called Gonville and Caius respectively, to the west side, separated from Trinity Hall by a narrow lane.  Tree Court had been partly built in Jacobean times by Dr. Perse, whose monument can be seen in the chapel; but in 1867 Mr. Waterhouse was given the task of rebuilding the greater part of the quadrangle.  He decided on the style of the French Renaissance, and struck the most stridently discordant note in the whole of the architecture of the colleges.  The tall-turreted frontage suggests nothing so much as the municipal offices of a flourishing borough.  The present hall, built by Salvin in 1854, was decorated and repanelled by Edward Warren in 1909.  Two of the three curiously named gateways built by Dr. Caius still survive, and one of them, the Gate of Honour, opening on to Senate House Passage, is one of the most