[192] See Traditions of the Tinguian, this volume, No. 1, pp. 195, et seq.

[193] Munia jagori (martens).  Locally known as tikgi.

[194] Probably the ophiocephalus.  See Dean, American Museum Journal, Vol.  XII, 1912, p. 22.

[195] This is the only occasion when men use the bow and arrow.

[196] The neighboring Igorot do not use a cutter, but break the stalks with the fingers; however, the same instrument is used by the Apayao, in parts of Mindanao, in Java and Sumatra.  See Marsden, History of Sumatra, p. 73; Raffles, History of Java, pp. 125-6, also Plate 8; Mayer, Een Blik in het Javaansche Volksleven, Vol.  II, p. 452, (Leiden, 1897); Van der Lith, Nederlandsch Oost Indie, Vol.  II, p. 353, (Leiden, 1894).

[197] Rice in the bundle is known as palay or pagey.

[198] The Igorot woman pulls the grain from the straw with her hands.

[199] Ilocano sanga-reppet or the Spanish monojo.

[200] See Traditions of the Tinguian, this volume, No. 1, p. 177.

[201] History of Sumatra, pp. 65, et seq.

[202] Hose and McDougall (Pagan Tribes of Borneo, Vol.  II, pp. 246-7) consider the terraced rice culture of the Murut, of northern Borneo, a recent acquisition either from the Philippines or from Annam.

[203] Lavezaris, writing in 1569-76, states that the natives, of no specified district, “have great quantities of provisions which they gathered from irrigated fields” (Blair and Robertson, Philippine Islands, Vol.  III, p. 269).  In Vol.  VIII, pp. 250-251, of the same publication, is a record of the expedition to Tue, in the mountains at the southern end of Nueva Viscaya.  According to this account, the natives of that section were, in 1592, gathering two crops of rice, “one being irrigated, the other allowed to grow by itself.”

[204] For the history and extent of terraced field rice-culture, see Freeman and Chandler, The World’s Commercial Products (Boston, 1911); Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol.  I, pp. 426, et seq. (London, 1896); Ferrars, Burma, pp. 48, et seq. (London, 1901); Bezemer, Door Nederlandsch Oost-Indie, p. 232 (Groningen, 1906); Hose and McDougall, Pagan Tribes of Borneo, Vol.  II, p. 246; Perry, Manchester Memoirs, Vol.  LX, pt. 2, 1915-16; Wallace, The Malay Archipelago, pp. 117, 126 (London, 1894); Cabaton, Java and the Dutch East Indies, p. 213, note (London, 1911); Meyier, Irrigation in Java, Transactions of the American Soc. of Civil Engineers, Vol.  LIV, pt. 6 (New York, 1908); Bernard, Amenagement des eaux a Java, irrigation des rizieres (Paris 1903); Crawfurd, History of the Indian Archipelago, Vol. 1, pp. 358, et seq. (Edinburgh, 1820).