The letter appeared on the 13th October, 1724.[1] The Duke of Grafton had been recalled and Carteret had taken up the reins of government.  For reasons, either personal or politic, he took Walpole’s side.  Coxe goes into considerations on this attitude of Carteret’s, but they hardly concern us here.  Suffice it that the Lord Lieutenant joined forces with the party in the Irish Privy Council, among whom were Midleton and St. John Brodrick, and on October 27th issued a proclamation offering a reward of L300[2] for the discovery of the author of this “wicked and malicious pamphlet” which highly reflected on his Majesty and his ministers, and which tended “to alienate the affections of his good subjects of England and Ireland from each other.”

[Footnote 1:  Not on October 23rd as the earlier editors print it, and as Monck Mason, Scott and Mr. Churton Collins repeat.]

[Footnote 2:  See Appendix, No.  VI.]

The author’s name was not made public, nor was it likely to be.  There is no doubt that it was generally known who the author was.  In that general knowledge lies the whole pith of the Biblical quotation circulated abroad on the heels of the proclamation:  “And the people said unto Saul, shall Jonathan die, who had wrought this great salvation in Israel?  God forbid:  as the Lord liveth there shall not one hair of his head fall to the ground, for he hath wrought with God this day:  So the people rescued Jonathan that he died not.”

Swift remained very much alive.  Harding, for printing the obnoxious letter, had been arrested and imprisoned, and the Crown proceeded with his prosecution.  In such circumstances Swift was not likely to remain idle.  On the 26th October he addressed a letter to Lord Chancellor Midleton in defence of the Drapier’s writings, and practically acknowledged himself to be the author.[3] It was not actually printed until 1735, but there is no doubt that Midleton received it at the time it was written.  What effect it had on the ultimate issue is not known; but Midleton’s conduct justifies the confidence Swift placed in him.  The Grand Jury of the Michaelmas term of 1724 sat to consider the bill against Harding.  On the 11th of November Swift addressed to them his “Seasonable Advice.”  The bill was thrown out.  Whitshed, the Chief Justice, consistently with his action on a previous occasion (see vol. vii.), angrily remonstrated with the jury, demanded of them their reasons for such a decision, and finally dissolved them.  This unconstitutional, and even disgraceful conduct, however, served but to accentuate the resentment of the people against Wood and the patent, and the Crown fared no better by a second Grand Jury.  The second jury accompanied its rejection of the bill by a presentment against the patent,[4] and the defeat of the “prerogative” became assured.  Every where the Drapier was acclaimed the saviour of his country.  Any person who could scribble a doggerel or indite a tract rushed into print,