The extreame part of the knowen world vnto vs is the noble Iland Giapan, written otherwise Iapon and Iapan.  This Island standeth in the East Ocean, beyond all Asia, betwixt Cathayo and the West Indies sixe and thirtie degrees Northward from the Equinoctial line, in the same clime with the South part of Spain and Portugall, distant from thence by sea sixe thousand leagues:  the trauile thither, both for ciuill discord, great pyracie, and often shipwracks is very dangerous.  This countrey is hillie and pestered with snow, wherefore it is neither so warme as Portugall, nor yet so wealthy, as far as we can learne, wanting oyle, butter, cheese, milke, egges, sugar, honny, vinegar, saffron, cynamom and pepper.  Barleybranne the Ilanders doe vse in stead of salt:  medicinable things holsome for the bodie haue they none at all.  Neuerthelesse in that Iland sundry fruites doe growe, not much vnlike the fruites of Spaine:  and great store of Siluer mynes are therein to be seene.  The people are tractable, ciuill, wittie, courteous, without deceit, in vertue and honest conuersation exceeding all other nations lately discouered, but so much standing vpon their reputation, that their chiefe Idole may be thought honour.  The contempt thereof causeth among them much discord and debate, manslaughter and murther:  euen for their reputation they doe honour their parents, keepe their promises, absteine from adulterie and robberies, punishing by death the least robbery done, holding for a principle, that whosoeuer stealeth a trifle, will, if he see occasion, steale a greater thing.  It may be theft is so seuerely punished of them, for that the nation is oppressed with scarcitie of all things necessary, and so poore, that euen for miserie they strangle their owne children, preferring death before want.  These fellowes doe neither eate nor kill any foule.  They liue chiefely by fish, hearbes, and fruites, so healthfully, that they die very old.  Of Rice and Wheat there is no great store.  No man is ashamed there of his pouertie, neither be their gentlemen therefore lesse honoured of the meaner people, neither will the poorest gentleman there matche his childe with the baser sort for any gaine, so much they do make more account of gentry then of wealth.  The greatest delight they haue is in armour, each boy at fourteene yeeres of ages, be he borne gentle or otherwise, hath his sword and dagger:  very good archers they be, contemning all other nations in comparison of their manhood and prowesse, putting not vp one iniurie be it neuer so small in worde or deede, among themselues.  They feede moderately, but they drinke largely.  The vse of vines they knowe not, their drinke they make of Rice, vtterly they doe abhorre dice, an all games, accounting nothing more vile in a man, then to giue himselfe vnto those things that make vs greedy and desirous to get other mens goods.  If at any time they do sweare, for that seldome they are wont to doe, they sweare by the Sunne:  many of them