The sections are then prepared for sewing.  They are evened up on the edges by jarring on a flat surface.  They are then placed between two pieces of board and all clamped in a vise.  Five cuts, 1/8 in. deep, are made with a saw across the back of the sections, as shown in Fig. 1.  Heavy plain paper is used for the flyleaves.  The paper is cut double the same as the leaves comprising the sections, making either one or two double sections for each side as desired.

A frame for sewing will have to be made as shown in Fig. 2 before the work can be continued on the book.  The frame is easily made of four pieces of wood.  The bottom piece A should be a little larger than the book.  The two upright pieces B are nailed to the outside edge, and a third piece, C, is nailed across the top.  Small nails are driven part way into the base C to correspond to the saw cuts in the sections.  A piece of soft fiber string is stretched from each nail to the crosspiece C and tied.

Coarse white thread, size 16 or larger, is used for the sewing material.  Start with the front of the book.  Be sure that all sections are in their right places and that the flyleaves are provided in the front and back.  Take the sections of the flyleaves on top, which should be notched the same as the saw cuts in the book sections, and place them against the strings in the frame.  Place the left hand on the inside of the leaves where they are folded and start a blunt needle, threaded double, through the notch on the left side of the string No. 1 in Fig. 2.  Take hold of the needle with the right hand and pass it to the left around the string No. 1, then back through the notch on the right side.  Fasten the thread by tying or making a knot in the end and passing the needle through it.  After drawing the thread tightly, pass the needle through the notch on the left side of the string No. 2, passing it around the string and tying in the same manner as for No. 1.  Each section is fastened to the five strings in the same manner, the thread being carried across from each tie from No. 1 to 2 then to 3 and so on

[Illustration:  Frame for Sewing Sections]

until all strings are tied.  The string No. 5 is treated in the same manner only that the needle is run through on the left side of the string a second time, leaving the needle on the outside in position for the next section, which is fastened the same as the first, the needle being passed through the notch on the right side of the string No. 5, and then to string No.4, passing around on the right side and back on the left and so on.  Keep the thread drawn up tightly all the time.

After the sewing is completed cut the strings, allowing about 2 in. of the ends extending on each side.  The fibers of these ends are separated and combed out so that they can be glued to the covers to serve as a hinge.  A piece of cheesecloth is cut to the size of the back and glued to it.  Ordinary liquid glue is the best adhesive to use.