means that I spoke with dissatisfaction or disrespect of the ebullitions of individuals in South Carolina, it is true.  But if he means that I assailed the character of the State, her honor, or patriotism, that I reflected on her history or her conduct, he has not the slightest ground for any such assumption.  I did not even refer, I think, in my observations, to any collection of individuals.  I said nothing of the recent conventions.  I spoke in the most guarded and careful manner, and only expressed my regret for the publication of opinions, which I presumed the honorable member disapproved as much as myself.  In this, it seems, I was mistaken.  I do not remember that the gentleman has disclaimed any sentiment, or any opinion, of a supposed anti-union tendency, which on all or any of the recent occasions has been expressed.  The whole drift of his speech has been rather to prove, that, in divers times and manners, sentiments equally liable to my objection have been avowed in New England.  And one would suppose that his object, in this reference to Massachusetts, was to find a precedent to justify proceedings in the South, were it not for the reproach and contumely with which he labors, all along, to load these his own chosen precedents.  By way of defending South Carolina from what he chooses to think an attack on her, he first quotes the example of Massachusetts, and then denounces that example in good set terms.  This twofold purpose, not very consistent, one would think, with itself, was exhibited more than once in the course of his speech.  He referred, for instance, to the Hartford Convention.  Did he do this for authority, or for a topic of reproach?  Apparently for both, for he told us that he should find no fault with the mere fact of holding such a convention, and considering and discussing such questions as he supposes were then and there discussed; but what rendered it obnoxious was its being held at the time, and under the circumstances of the country then existing.  We were in a war, he said, and the country needed all our aid:  the hand of government required to be strengthened, not weakened; and patriotism should have postponed such proceedings to another day.  The thing itself, then, is a precedent; the time and manner of it only, a subject of censure.

Now, Sir, I go much further, on this point, than the honorable member.  Supposing, as the gentleman seems to do, that the Hartford Convention assembled for any such purpose as breaking up the Union, because they thought unconstitutional laws had been passed, or to consult on that subject, or to calculate the value of the Union; supposing this to be their purpose, or any part of it, then I say the meeting itself was disloyal, and was obnoxious to censure, whether held in time of peace or time of war, or under whatever circumstances.  The material question is the object.  Is dissolution the object?  If it be, external circumstances may make it a more