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| Table of Contents | |
| Section | Page |
| Start of eBook | 1 |
| PREFACE. | 1 |
| DIVISIONS. | 9 |
| (GENERAL) | 10 |
| PHILOSOPHY. | 10 |
| THEOLOGY | 11 |
| SOCIOLOGY. | 11 |
| PHILOLOGY. | 12 |
| NATURAL SCIENCE. | 13 |
| USEFUL ARTS. | 13 |
| FINE ARTS. | 14 |
| LITERATURE. | 15 |
| HISTORY. | 16 |
| SUBJECT INDEX. | 16 |
| SUBJECT CATALOGUE. | 38 |
The plan of the following Classification and Index was developed early in 1873. It was the result of several months’ study of library economy as found in some hundreds of books and pamphlets, and in over fifty personal visits to various American libraries. In this study, the author became convinced that the usefulness of these libraries might be greatly increased without additional expenditure. Three years practical use of the system here explained, leads him to believe that it will accomplish this result; for with its aid, the catalogues, shelf lists, indexes, and cross-references essential to this increased usefulness, can be made more economically than by any other method which he has been able to find. The system was devised for cataloguing and indexing purposes, but it was found on trial to be equally valuable for numbering and arranging books and pamphlets on the shelves.
The library is first divided into nine special libraries which are called Classes. These Classes are Philosophy, Theology, &c., and are numbered with the nine digits. Thus Class 9 is the Library of History; Class 7, the Library of Fine Art; Class 2, the Library of Theology. These special libraries or Classes are then considered independently, and each one is separated again into nine special Divisions of the main subject. These Divisions are numbered from 1 to 9 as were the Classes. Thus 59 is the 9th Division (Zoology) of the 5th Class (Natural Science). A final division is then made by separating each of these Divisions into nine Sections which are numbered in the same way, with the nine digits. Thus 513 is the 3d Section (Geometry) of the 1st Division (Mathematics) of the 5th Class (Natural Science). This number, giving Class, Division, and Section, is called the Classification or Class Number, and is applied to every book or pamphlet belonging to the library. All the Geometries are thus numbered 513, all the Mineralogies 549, and so throughout the library, all the books on any given subject bear the number of that subject in the scheme. Where a 0 occurs in a class number, it has its normal zero power. Thus, a book numbered 510, is Class 5, Division 1, but no Section. This signifies that the book treats of the Division 51 (Mathematics) in general, and is not limited to any one Section, as is the Geometry, marked 513. If marked 500, it would indicate a treatise on Science in general, limited to no Division. A zero occurring in the first place would in the same way show that the book is limited to no Class. The classification is mainly made by subjects or content regardless of form; but it is found practically useful to make an additional distinction in these general treatises, according to the form of treatment adopted. Thus, in Science we have a large number of books treating of Science in general, and so having a 0 for the Division number. These books are then divided into Sections,
The selection and arrangement of the thousand headings of the classification cannot be explained in detail for want of space. In all the work, philosophical theory and accuracy have been made to yield to practical usefulness. The impossibility of making a satisfactory classification of all knowledge as preserved in books, has been appreciated from the first, and nothing of the kind attempted. Theoretical harmony and exactness has been repeatedly sacrificed to the practical requirements of the library or to the convenience of the department in the college. As in every scheme, many minor subjects have been put under general heads to which they do not strictly belong. In some cases these headings have been printed in a distinctive type, e. g., 429 =Anglo-Saxon=, under =English philology=. The rule has been to assign these subjects to the most nearly allied heads, or where it was thought they would be most useful. The only alternative was to omit them altogether. If any such omission occurs, it is unintentional and will be supplied as soon as discovered. Wherever practicable the heads have been so arranged that each subject is preceded and followed by the most nearly allied subjects and thus the greatest convenience is secured both in the catalogues and on the shelves. Theoretically, the division of every subject into just nine heads is absurd. Practically, it is desirable that the classification be as minute as possible without the use of additional figures, and the decimal principle on which our scheme hinges allows nine divisions as readily as a less number. This principle has proved wholly satisfactory in practice though it appears to destroy proper co-ordination in some places.
The arrangement of headings has been sometimes modified to secure a mnemonic aid in numbering and finding books without the Index. For instance, the scheme is so arranged that China has always the number 1. In Ancient History, it has the first section, 931: in Modern History, under Asia, it has 951: in Philology, the Chinese language appears as 491. After the same manner the Indian number is 2; Egyptian, 4; English, 2; German, 3; French, 4; Italian, 5; Spanish, 6; European, 4; Asian, 5; African, 6; North American, 7; South American, 8; and so for all the divisions by languages or countries. The Italian 5, for instance, will be noticed in 35, 55, 450, 755, 850, and 945. This mnemonic principle is specially prominent in Philology and Literature and their divisions, and in the form distinctions used in the first 9 sections of each class. Materials, Methods, or Theory occurring anywhere as a head, bears always the number 1. Dictionaries and Cyclopedias, 3; Essays, 4; Periodicals, 5; Associations, Institutions, and Societies, 6; Education, 7; Collections, 9. In the numerous cases where several minor heads have been grouped together under the head Other, it always bears the number 9. Wherever practicable, this principle is carried out in sub-dividing the sections. For instance, the Geology of North America, which bears the number 557 is sub-divided by adding the sections of 970 (History of North America). The Geology of Mexico then bears the number 5578: mnemonically, the first 5 is the Science number; the second 5, Geology; the 7, North America; and the 8, Mexico. Any library attendant or reader after using the scheme a short time will recognize at a glance, any catalogue or ledger entry, book or pamphlet, marked 5578 as something on the Geology of Mexico. Users of the scheme will notice this mnemonic principle in several hundred places in the classification, and will find it of great practical utility in numbering and finding books without the aid of Catalogue or Index, and in determining the character of any book simply from its call number as recorded on the book, on all its catalogue and cross reference cards, on the ledger, and in the check box.
In naming the headings, brevity has been secured in many cases at the sacrifice of exactness. It was thought more important to have short, familiar titles for the headings than that the names given should express with fullness and exactness the character of all books catalogued under them. Many subjects, apparently omitted, will be found in the Index, assigned, with allied subjects, to a heading which bears the name of the most important only. Reference to this Subject Index will decide at once any doubtful points.
In arranging books in the classification, as in filling out the scheme, practical usefulness has been esteemed the most important thing. The effort has been to put each book under the subject to the student of which it would be most useful. The content or the real subject of which a book treats, and not the form or the accidental wording of the title, determines its place. Following this rule, a Philosophy of Art is put with Art, not with Philosophy; a History of Mathematics, with Mathematics, not with History; for the philosophy and history are simply the form which these books have taken. The true content or subject is Art, and Mathematics, and to the student of these subjects they are most useful. The predominant tendency or obvious purpose of the book, usually decides its class number at once; still many books treat of two or more different subjects, and in such cases it is assigned to the place where it will be most useful, and underneath the class number are written the numbers of any other subjects on which it also treats. These Cross References are given both on the plate and the subject card as well as on the cross reference card. If a book treats of a majority of the sections of any division, it is given the Division number instead of the most important Section number with cross references.
Collected works, libraries, etc., are either kept together and assigned like individual books to the most specific head that will contain them; or assigned to the most prominent of the various subjects on which they treat with cross references from the others; or are separated and the parts classed as independent works. Translations are classed with their originals.
The Alphabetical Subject Index is designed to guide, both in numbering and in finding the books. In numbering, the most specific head that will contain the book having been determined, reference to that head in the Index will give the class number to which it should be assigned. In finding books on any given subject, reference to the Index will give the number under which they are to be sought on the shelves, in the Shelf Catalogue, or in the Subject Catalogue. The Index gives after each subject the number of the class to which it is assigned. Most names of countries, towns, animals, plants, minerals, diseases, &c, have been omitted, the aim being to furnish an Index of Subjects on which books are written, and not a Gazetteer or a Dictionary of all the nouns in the language. Such subjects will be found as special chapters or sections of books on the subjects given in the Index. The names of individual subjects of biographies will be found in the Class List of Biography. Omissions of any of the more general subjects will be supplied when brought to notice.
In arranging the books on the shelves, the absolute location by shelf and book number is wholly abandoned, the relative location by class and book number being one of the most valuable features of the plan. The class number serves also as the location number and the shelf number in common use is entirely dispensed with. Accompanying the class number is the book number, which prevents confusion of different books on the same subject. Thus the first Geometry catalogued is marked 513-1; the second 513-2, and so on to any extent, the last number showing how many books the library has on that subject. The books of each section are all together, and arranged by book numbers, and these sections are also arranged in simple numerical order throughout the library. The call number 513-11 signifies not the 11th book on shelf 513; or alcove 5, range 1, shelf 3, as in most libraries, but signifies the 11th book in subject 513 or the 11th Geometry belonging to the library. In finding the book, the printed numbers on the backs are followed, the upper being the class and the lower the book number. The class is found in its numerical order among the classes as the shelf is found in the ordinary system: the book in its numerical order in the class. The shelves are not numbered, as the increase of different departments, the opening of new rooms, and any arrangement of classes to bring the books most circulated nearest to the delivery desk, will bring different class numbers on a given shelf. New books as received are numbered and put into place, in the same way that new titles are added to the card catalogue.
The single digit occasionally prefixed to the book number, e.g. the 3 in 421-3-7 is the nearest height in decimeters of books too large to be put on the regular library shelves, which are only 2-1/2 decimeters apart. The great mass of the library consists of 2-decimeter books, the size numbers of which are omitted. Books from 2-1/2 to 3-1/2 decimeters in height have 3 prefixed to the book number, and are found on the bottom shelf of each range. The larger sizes are prefixed with 4, 5, &c., and are found on the special shelves provided, in order to avoid the great waste of space otherwise occasioned by the relative location. By this use of the size numbers a close economy of space is secured.
Thus all the books on any given subject are found standing together, and no additions or changes ever separate them. Not only are all the books on the subject sought, found together, but the most nearly allied subjects precede and follow, they in turn being preceded and followed by other allied subjects as far as practicable. Readers not having access to the shelves find the short titles arranged in the same order on the Shelf Catalogue, and the full titles, imprints, cross references, notes, &c., on the Subject Catalogue. The uncatalogued pamphlets treating of any subject bear the same class number and are arranged on the shelves immediately after the books of each section.
In both the Authors’ Catalogue and the Subject Index, brevity has been studied because of the economy, but more because of the much greater ease of reference to a short title catalogue. The custom of giving full titles, etc., under authors, and only references or very brief titles under subjects, has been reversed. A reader seeking a book of a known author, in the vast majority of cases, wants simply the number by which to call for it, and can find it much sooner in a brief title catalogue. In the rare cases where more is needed the class number refers instantly to all these facts on the cards. On the other hand, a reader seeking books on a known subject, needs the full title, imprint, cross-references, and notes, to enable him to choose the book best suited to his wants.
The Subject Catalogue is a full title Shelf List on cards and is for the use of the public. The Shelf List is a short title Subject Catalogue in book form, made of separate sheets laced into an Emerson binder, and is for official use. We thus have without extra labor, both full and short title Subject Catalogues and Shelf Lists. The public Authors’ Catalogue is a printed volume; the official Authors’ Catalogue or Index is on cards. As a result each of the public Catalogues is checked by an official Catalogue; each of the card Catalogues by a book Catalogue; each of the brief title catalogues by a full title catalogue—an advantage that will be appreciated by all librarians desiring accuracy of administration and catalogues.
The Arabic numerals can be written and found more quickly, and with less danger of confusion or mistake, than any other symbols whatever. Therefore the Roman numerals, capitals and small letters, and similar symbols usually found in systems of classification are entirely discarded and by the exclusive use of Arabic numerals in their regular order throughout the shelves, classifications, indexes, catalogues and records, there is secured the greatest accuracy, economy, and convenience. This advantage is specially prominent in comparison with systems where the name of the author or the title must be written in calling for or charging books and in making references.
Throughout the catalogues the number of a book shows not only where it is but what it is. On the library accounts the character of each person’s reading is clearly indicated by the numbers charged, and the minutest statistics of circulation in any subject are made by simply counting the call slips in the check box, and recording the number against the class number in the record.
By the use of size numbers the greatest possible economy of space may be secured, for the size distinction may be made for every inch or even less if desired, and this without additional labor, as it will be seen that the size figure, when introduced, requires one less figure in the book number, and so does not increase the number of digits as would at first appear.
Parts of sets, and books on the same or allied subjects, are never separated as they are sure to be, sooner or later, in every library arranged on the common plan, unless it be frequently re-arranged and re-catalogued. The great expense of this re-cataloguing makes it impracticable except for a few very wealthy libraries. In this system the catalogue and book numbers remain unchanged through all changes of shelving, buildings, or arrangement. In addition to its own peculiar merits, this plan has all the advantages of the card catalogue principle and of the relative location, which have been used and very strongly approved by prominent libraries.
As in the card catalogue system, there is room for indefinite expansion without devices or provisions. Space is the only requisite and if the shelf room is exhausted, the floor space is equally good, except for the inconvenience of stooping.
Some prominent opponents of classed catalogues have admitted that the Subject Index, in deciding where to class a book at first, and where to look for it ever afterwards, has removed their strongest objections. Certainly it would be impossible to make an Index more cheaply or more easy of reference, it being a single alphabet, of single words, followed by single numbers.
These class numbers applied to pamphlets have proved specially satisfactory. The number is written on the upper left corner and the pamphlets are arranged either in pamphlet cases with the books on the same subject or on special shelves divided every decimeter by perpendicular sections. As each pamphlet is examined when received into the library, it is the work of a single moment to pencil on it its class number. There is no expense whatever incurred, and yet the entire pamphlet resources of the library on any subject can be produced almost instantly. The immense advantages of this plan over those in common use, both in economy and usefulness, will be appreciated by every librarian caring for a pamphlet collection. A catalogue of authors may be made on slips if desired. The pamphlets themselves are the best Subject Catalogue.
Though designed wholly for library use, the plan has proved of great service in preserving newspaper clippings in large envelopes arranged by class numbers; and more especially in taking the place of the common note-book and Index Rerum. Slips of uniform size are used with the class number of the subject written on the corner. Minute alphabetical headings are used under each class number, the slips being arranged in numerical order like the Subject Card Catalogue. Clippings and notes arranged in this way are at all times their own complete index, and have the same advantages over the common scrap and note-books that the Subject Catalogue has over the Accessions Book, in looking up the resources of the library on any given subject. Those who have tried this method are so enthusiastic in its praise that it seemed worthy of mention in this place.
The plan was adopted in the Amherst College Library in 1873, and the work of transferring the entire library to the new catalogue at once commenced. It was found entirely practicable to make the change gradually, as means allowed, without interfering in any appreciable degree with the circulation of the books. The three years trial to which it has been there subjected has more than justified the claims of its friends, and it is now printed with the more confidence on this account. It has been kept in manuscript up to this time, in order that the many minor details might be subjected to actual trial and modified where improvement was possible. The labor involved in preparing the Classification and Index has been wholly beyond the appreciation of any who have never attempted a similar task. Much valuable aid has been rendered by specialists in many departments, and nearly every member of the Faculty has given advice from time to time. Among the many to whom thanks are due, special mention should be made of Mr. C.A. Cutter, the librarian of the Boston Athenaeum, and Mr. John Fiske, of the Harvard University library, for valuable suggestions and appreciative criticism. While these friends are in no way responsible for any remaining imperfections in the scheme, they should have credit for many improvements which have been made during these three years of revision. The essential character of the plan has remained unchanged from the first. Doubtless other improvements are still possible, and it is hoped that users of the scheme will call attention to any proposed change in the naming or arrangement of the headings, or to any omission which should be supplied in the Subject Index.
Before printing, the plan was submitted to quite a number of librarians for criticism. Among the hundreds of points raised as to its practical workings and usefulness there was only one in which it was not shown to be equal or superior to any other system known. This objection applied only to the arrangement on the shelves; not at all to the catalogues or indexes. It was, that in this relative location, a book which this year stands, e.g., at the end of a certain shelf; may not be on that shelf at all another year, because of the uneven growth of the parts of the library. This slight objection inheres in any system where the books are arranged by subjects rather than by windows, doors, shelves, and similar non-intellectual distinctions.
In this hurriedly prepared account of his plan, the author has doubtless failed to meet many objections which may be raised and which he could easily answer. He would therefore ask the privilege of replying personally to any such objections, where they arise, believing that it will be possible to answer, if not all, at least a very large proportion.
In his varied reading, correspondence, and conversation on the subject, the author doubtless received suggestions and gained ideas which it is now impossible for him to acknowledge. Perhaps the most fruitful source of ideas was the Nuovo Sistema di Catalogo Bibliografico Generale of Natale Battezzati, of Milan. Certainly he is indebted to this system adopted by the Italian publishers in 1871, though he has copied nothing from it. The plan of the St. Louis Public School Library, and that of the Apprentices’ Library of New York, which in some respects resemble his own, were not seen till all the essential features were decided upon, though not given to the public. In filling the nine classes of the scheme the inverted Baconian arrangement of the St. Louis Library has been followed. The author has no desire to claim original invention for any part of his system where another has been before him, and would most gladly make specific acknowledgment of every aid and suggestion were it in his power to do so. With these general explanations and acknowledgments he submits the scheme, hoping it may prove as useful to others as it has to himself.
AMHERST COLLEGE LIBRARY,
June 10th, 1876.
* * * * *
Those interested will find fuller explanations and remarks in the Library volume now being printed by the Bureau of Education at Washington.
(GENERAL)
PHILOSOPHY,
THEOLOGY,
SOCIOLOGY,
PHILOLOGY,
NATURAL SCIENCE,
USEFUL ARTS,
FINE ARTS,
LITERATURE,
HISTORY.
(GENERAL)
= 0= 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 20 BOOK RARITIES. 30 GENERAL CYCLOPEDIAS. 40 POLYGRAPHY. 50 GENERAL PERIODICALS. 60 GENERAL SOCIETIES. 70 80 90
=100 Philosophy.= 110 METAPHYSICS. 120 130 ANTHROPOLOGY. 140 SCHOOLS OF PSYCHOLOGY. 150 MENTAL FACULTIES. 160 LOGIC. 170 ETHICS. 180 ANCIENT PHILOSOPHIES. 190 MODERN PHILOSOPHIES.
=200 Theology.= 210 NATURAL THEOLOGY. 220 BIBLE. 230 DOCTRINAL THEOLOGY. 240 PRACTICAL AND DEVOTIONAL. 250 HOMILETICAL AND PASTORAL. 260 INSTITUTIONS AND MISSIONS. 270 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 280 CHRISTIAN SECTS. 290 NON-CHRISTIAN RELIGIONS.
=300 Sociology.= 310 STATISTICS. 320 POLITICAL SCIENCE. 330 POLITICAL ECONOMY. 340 LAW. 350 ADMINISTRATION. 360 ASSOCIATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS. 370 EDUCATION. 380 COMMERCE AND COMMUNICATION. 390 CUSTOMS AND COSTUMES.
=400 Philology.= 410 COMPARATIVE. 420 ENGLISH. 430 GERMAN. 440 FRENCH. 450 ITALIAN. 460 SPANISH. 470 LATIN. 480 GREEK. 490 OTHER LANGUAGES.
=500 Natural Science.= 510 MATHEMATICS. 520 ASTRONOMY. 530 PHYSICS. 540 CHEMISTRY. 550 GEOLOGY. 560 PALEONTOLOGY. 570 BIOLOGY. 580 BOTANY. 590 ZOOLOGY.
=600 Useful Arts.= 610 MEDICINE. 620 ENGINEERING. 630 AGRICULTURE. 640 DOMESTIC ECONOMY. 650 COMMUNICATION AND COMMERCE. 660 CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY. 670 MANUFACTURES. 680 MECHANIC TRADES. 690 BUILDING.
=700 Fine Arts.= 710 LANDSCAPE GARDENING. 720 ARCHITECTURE. 730 SCULPTURE. 740 DRAWING AND DESIGN. 750 PAINTING. 760 ENGRAVING. 770 PHOTOGRAPHY. 780 MUSIC. 790 AMUSEMENTS.
=800 Literature.= 810 TREATISES AND COLLECTIONS. 820 ENGLISH. 830 GERMAN. 840 FRENCH. 850 ITALIAN. 860 SPANISH. 870 LATIN. 880 GREEK. 890 OTHER LANGUAGES.
=900 History.= 910 GEOGRAPHY AND DESCRIPTION. 920 BIOGRAPHY. 930 ANCIENT HISTORY. 940 EUROPE. } 950 ASIA. } 960 AFRICA. } Modern. 970 NORTH AMERICA. } 980 SOUTH AMERICA. } 990 OCEANICA AND POLAR REGIONS. }
= 0=
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
= 10 Bibliography.= 11 General Bibliographies. 12 Special Forms. 13 Manuscripts. 14 Anonyms, Pseudonyms, &c. 15 Special Countries. 16 Special Subjects. 17 Subject Catalogues. 18 Authors’ Catalogues. 19 Library Economy and Reports.
= 20 Book Rarities.= 21 Manuscripts. 22 Block Books. 23 Early Printed. 24 Celebrated Printers. 25 Celebrated Binders. 26 Materials. 27 Ownership. 28 Prohibited. 29 Other.
= 30 General Cyclopedias.= 31 American. 32 English. 33 German. 34 French. 35 Italian. 36 Spanish. 37 Slavic. 38 Scandinavian. 39 Other.
= 40 Polygraphy.= 41 American. 42 English. 43 German. 44 French. 45 Italian. 46 Spanish. 47 Slavic. 48 Scandinavian. 49 Other.
= 50 General Periodicals.= 51 American. 52 English. 53 German. 54 French. 55 Italian. 56 Spanish. 57 Slavic. 58 Scandinavian. 59 Other.
= 60 General Societies.= 61 American. 62 English. 63 German. 64 French. 65 Italian. 66 Spanish. 67 Slavic. 68 Scandinavian. 69 Other.
= 70= 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79
= 80= 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89
= 90= 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99
=100 Philosophy.= 101 102 Compends. 103 Dictionaries. 104 Essays. 105 Periodicals. 106 Societies. 107 Education. 108 109 History.
=110 Metaphysics.= 111 Ontology. 112 Methodology. 113 Cosmology. 114 115 116 117 118 119
=120= 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129
=130 Anthropology.= 131 Mental physiology and hygiene. 132 Mental derangements. 133 Delusions, witchcraft, magic. 134 Mesmerism. 135 Sleep, dreams, somnambulism. 136 Sexes. 137 Temperaments. 138 Physiognomy. 139 Phrenology.
=140 Schools of Psychology.= 141 Idealistic. 142 Critical. 143 Intuitive. 144 Empirical. 145 Sensational. 146 Materialistic. 147 Pantheistic. 148 Eclectic. 149 Other.
=150 Mental Faculties.= 151 Intellect. 152 Sense. 153 Understanding. 154 Memory. 155 Reason. 156 Imagination. 157 Susceptibility. 158 Instincts. 159 Will.
=160 Logic.= 161 Inductive. 162 Deductive. 163 Assent. 164 165 166 167 168 169
=170 Ethics.= 171 Theoretical. 172 State. 173 Family. 174 Business. 175 Amusements. 176 Sexual. 177 Social. 178 Temperance. 179 Other.
=180 Ancient Philosophies.= 181 Oriental. 182 Early Greek. 183 Sophistic and Socratic. 184 Platonic. 185 Aristotelian. 186 Pyrrhonist and New Platonist. 187 Epicurean. 188 Stoic. 189 Patristic.
=190 Modern Philosophies.= 191 Scotch and American. 192 English. 193 German. 194 French. 195 Italian. 196 Spanish. 197 Arabian. 198 Scholastic. 199 Other.
=200 Theology.= 201 Philosophy. 202 Compends. 203 Dictionaries. 204 Essays. 205 Periodicals. 206 Societies. 207 Education. 208 209 History.
=210 Natural Theology.= 211 Theism and Atheism. 212 Pantheism. 213 Creation. 214 Providence. 215 Religion and science. 216 Evil. 217 Prayer. 218 Future Life. 219
=220 Bible.= 221 Old Testament. 222 Historical books. 223 Poetical books. 224 Prophetical books. 225 New Testament. 226 Gospels and Acts. 227 Epistles. 228 Apocalypse. 229 Apocrypha.
=230 Doctrinal.= 231 God. 232 Christ. 233 Man. 234 Salvation. 235 Angels. 236 Death and resurrection. 237 Future state. 238 Inspiration. 239 Apologetics.
=240 Practical and Devotional.= 241 Didactic. 242 Meditative. 243 Hortatory. 244 Ritual. 245 Hymnology. 246 Public worship. 247 Social worship. 248 Private worship. 249 Religious fiction and anecdote.
=250 Homiletical and Pastoral.= 251 Homiletics. 252 Sermons. 253 Doctrinal. 254 Practical. 255 Religion and Science. 256 Political. 257 Ordination. 258 Expository. 259 Commemorative.
=260 Institutions and missions.= 261 Church. 262 Ecclesiastical polity. 263 Sabbath. 264 Baptism. 265 Lord’s Supper. 266 Missions. 267 Foreign. 268 Sunday schools. 269 Revivals.
=270 Ecclesiastical History.= 271 Religious orders. 272 Persecutions. 273 Doctrines. 274 Europe. 275 Asia. 276 Africa. 277 North America. 278 South America. 279 Oceanica.
=280 Christian Sects.= 281 Oriental. 282 Roman Catholic. 283 English and Protestant Episcopal. 284 Presbyterian. 285 Congregational. 286 Baptist. 287 Methodist. 288 Unitarian and Universalist. 289 Other Christian sects.
=290 Non-Christian Religions.= 291 Comparative mythology. 292 Greek and Roman mythology. 293 Norse mythology. 294 Brahmanism and Buddhism. 295 Parseeism. 296 Judaism. 297 Mohammedanism. 298 Mormonism. 299 Other.
=300 Sociology.= 301 Philosophy. 302 Compends. 303 Dictionaries. 304 Essays. 305 Periodicals. 306 Societies. 307 308 309 History.
=310 Statistics.= 311 Methods. 312 Progress of population. 313 Progress of civilization. 314 Europe. 315 Asia. 316 Africa. 317 North America. 318 South America. 319 Oceanica.
=320 Political Science.= 321 Patriarchal Institutions. 322 Feudal Institutions. 323 Monarchic Institutions. 324 Republican Institutions. 325 Colonies and Emigration. 326 Slavery. 327 Foreign and Domestic relations. 328 Legislative annals. 329 Political essays and speeches.
=330 Political Economy.= 331 Capital and labor. 332 Banks and money. 333 Stocks, rents, and income. 334 Credit and interest. 335 Communism. 336 Public funds and taxation. 337 Protection and free trade. 338 Production. 339 Pauperism.
=340 Law.= 341 International. 342 Constitutional and administrative. 343 Statute and common. 344 Equity. 345 Criminal. 346 Maritime. 347 Martial. 348 Civil and Canon. 349 Evidence and Forms of practice.
=350 Administration.= 351 Civil Service. 352 Treasury. 353 Interior. 354 Police. 355 Army. 356 Infantry. 357 Cavalry. 358 Artillery. 359 Navy.
=360 Associations and Institutions.= 361 Charitable. 362 Religious. 363 Political. 364 Reformatory and Sanitary. 365 Prisons. 366 Secret Societies. 367 Trades Unions. 368 Insurance. 369 Other.
=370 Education.= 371 Teachers, methods, and discipline. 372 Elementary. 373 Higher. 374 Self-education. 375 Classical and real. 376 Female. 377 Religious and secular. 378 Schools and Colleges. 379 Reports.
=380 Commerce, Communication.= 381 Domestic trade. 382 Foreign trade. 383 Post office. 384 Telegraph. 385 Railroad and express. 386 Canal transportation. 387 River and ocean transportation. 388 City transit. 389 Weights and measures.
=390 Customs and Costumes. 391 Ancient. 392 Medieval. 393 Modern. 394 Europe. 395 Asia. 396 Africa. 397 North America. 398 South America. 399 Oceanica.
=400 Philology.= 401 Philosophy. 402 Compends. 403 Dictionaries. 404 Essays. 405 Periodicals. 406 Societies. 407 Education. 408 Universal Language. 409 History.
=410 Comparative.= 411 Orthography. 412 Etymology. 413 Dictionaries. 414 Phonology. 415 Grammar. 416 Prosody. 417 Inscriptions. 418 Texts. 419 Hieroglyphics.
=420 English.= 421 Orthography. 422 Etymology. 423 Dictionaries. 424 Synonyms. 425 Grammar. 426 Prosody. 427 Dialects. 428 Texts. 429 Anglo-Saxon.
=430 German.= 431 Orthography. 432 Etymology. 433 Dictionaries. 434 Synonyms. 435 Grammar. 436 Prosody. 437 Dialects. 438 Texts. 439 Dutch and Low German.
=440 French.= 441 Orthography. 442 Etymology. 443 Dictionaries. 444 Synonyms. 445 Grammar. 446 Prosody. 447 Dialects. 448 Texts. 449 Old French, Provencal.
=450 Italian.= 451 Orthography. 452 Etymology. 453 Dictionaries. 454 Synonyms. 455 Grammar. 456 Prosody. 457 Dialects. 458 Texts. 459 Romansh and Wallachian.
=460 Spanish.= 461 Orthography. 462 Etymology. 463 Dictionaries. 464 Synonyms. 465 Grammar. 466 Prosody. 467 Dialects. 468 Texts. 469 Portuguese.
=470 Latin.= 471 Orthography. 472 Etymology. 473 Dictionaries. 474 Synonyms. 475 Grammar. 476 Prosody. 477 Dialects. 478 Texts. 479 Medieval Latin.
=480 Greek.= 481 Orthography. 482 Etymology. 483 Dictionaries. 484 Synonyms. 485 Grammar. 486 Prosody. 487 Dialects. 488 Texts. 489 Modern Greek.
=490 Other Languages.= 491 Chinese. 492 Egyptian. 493 Semitic. 494 Indian. 495 Iranian. 496 Keltic. 497 Slavic. 498 Scandinavian. 499 Other.
=500 Natural Science.= 501 Philosophy. 502 Compends. 503 Dictionaries. 504 Essays. 505 Periodicals. 506 Societies. 507 Education. 508 Travels. 509 History.
=5l0 Mathematics.= 511 Arithmetic. 512 Algebra. 513 Geometry. 514 Trigonometry. 515 Conic sections. 516 Analytical geometry. 517 Calculus. 518 Quaternions. 519 Probabilities.
=520 Astronomy.= 521 Theoretical. 522 Practical. 523 Descriptive. 524 Maps. 525 Observations. 526 Figure of the earth. 527 Navigation. 528 Almanacs. 529 Chronology.
=530 Physics.= 531 Mechanics. 532 Hydrostatics. 533 Pneumatics. 534 Acoustics. 535 Optics. 536 Heat. 537 Electricity. 538 Magnetism. 539 Molecular physics.
=540 Chemistry.= 541 Theoretical. 542 Experimental. 543 Analysis. 544 Qualitative. 545 Quantitative. 546 Inorganic. 547 Organic. 548 Crystallography. 549 Mineralogy.
=550 Geology.= 551 Physical Geography, Meteorology. 552 Lithology. 553 Dynamical geology. 554 Europe. 555 Asia. 556 Africa. 557 North America. 558 South America. 559 Oceanica.
=560 Paleontology.= 561 Plants. 562 Invertebrates. 563 Protozoa and Radiates. 564 Mollusca. 565 Articulates. 566 Vertebrates. 567 Fishes. 568 Reptiles and Birds. 569 Mammals.
=570 Biology.= 571 Prehistoric Archaeology. 572 Ethnology. 573 Natural History of Man. 574 Homologies. 575 Evolution. 576 Embryology. 577 Spontaneous generation. 578 Microscopy. 579 Collectors’ Manuals.
=580 Botany.= 581 Physiological. 582 Systematic. 583 Ornamental. 584 Europe. 585 Asia. 586 Africa. 587 North America. 588 South America. 589 Oceanica.
=590 Zoology.= 591 Comparative Anatomy. 592 Invertebrates. 593 Protozoa and Radiates. 594 Mollusca. 595 Articulates. 596 Vertebrates. 597 Fishes. 598 Reptiles and Birds. 599 Mammals.
=600 Useful Arts.= 601 Philosophy. 602 Compends. 603 Dictionaries. 604 Essays. 605 Periodicals. 606 Societies. 607 Education. 608 Patents. 609 History.
=610 Medicine.= 611 Anatomy. 612 Physiology. 613 Hygiene. 614 Public health. 615 Materia medica and therapeutics. 616 Pathology, theory and practice. 617 Surgery and dentistry. 618 Obstetrics and sexual science. 619 Veterinary medicine.
=620 Engineering.= 621 Mechanical. 622 Topographical. 623 Military. 624 Bridge. 625 Road and railroad. 626 Canal. 627 Harbor. 628 Hydraulic and mining. 629 Instruments and field books.
=630 Agriculture.= 631 Soil and preparation. 632 Pests and hindrances. 633 Productions of the soil. 634 Fruits. 635 Garden. 636 Domestic animals. 637 Dairy. 638 Bees and silkworm. 639 Fishing, trapping.
=640 Domestic Economy.= 641 Cookery. 642 Confectionery. 643 Food and dining. 644 Fuel and lights. 645 Furniture. 646 Clothing and toilet. 647 Servants. 648 Laundry. 649 Nursery and sick-room.
=650 Communication, Commerce.= 651 Writing. 652 Penmanship. 653 Short hand. 654 Telegraphy. 655 Printing. 656 Navigation and transportation. 657 Book-keeping. 658 Business manuals. 659 Other.
=660 Chemical Technology.= 661 Chemicals. 662 Pyrotechnics. 663 Wines, liquors, and ales. 664 Sugar, salt, starch, etc. 665 Gas. 666 Glass. 667 Dyeing and bleaching. 668 Assaying. 669 Metallurgy.
=670 Manufactures.= 671 Metals. 672 Iron. 673 Marble, stone, and brick. 674 Wood. 675 Leather and rubber. 676 Paper. 677 Textile fabrics. 678 Cotton. 679 Other.
=680 Mechanic Trades.= 681 Watch and instrument-making. 682 Blacksmithing. 683 Lock and gun-making. 684 Carriage and cabinet-making. 685 Saddlery and shoe-making. 686 Book-binding. 687 Clothes-making. 688 689 Other.
=690 Building.= 691 Materials. 692 Plans and specifications. 693 Masonry. 694 Carpentry. 695 Slating and tiling. 696 Plumbing. 697 Warming and ventilation. 698 Painting, glazing, and paper-hanging. 699 Car and Ship-building.
=700 Fine Arts.= 701 Philosophy. 702 Compends. 703 Dictionaries. 704 Essays. 705 Periodicals. 706 Societies. 707 Education. 708 Galleries. 709 History.
=710 Landscape Gardening.= 711 Parks. 712 Private grounds. 713 Walks and drives. 714 Water. 715 Trees and hedges. 716 Plants and flowers. 717 Arbors. 718 Monuments. 719 Cemeteries.
=720 Architecture.= 721 Architectural construction. 722 Ancient and Oriental. 723 Medieval. 724 Modern. 725 Public buildings. 726 Church. 727 School. 728 Domestic and rural. 729 Of special countries.
=730 Sculpture.= 731 Materials and methods. 732 Ancient. 733 Greek and Roman. 734 Medieval. 735 Modern. 736 Carving. 737 Numismatics. 738 Pottery and bronzes. 739 Collections.
=740 Drawing and Design.= 741 Free-hand. 742 Perspective. 743 Art anatomy. 744 Mathematical drawing. 745 Ornamental design. 746 Ancient. 747 Medieval. 748 Modern. 749 Collections.
=750 Painting.= 751 Materials and methods. 752 Color. 753 Flemish and Dutch Schools. 754 French. 755 Italian. 756 Other schools. 757 Portrait. 758 Landscape. 759 Collections.
=760 Engraving.= 761 Wood. 762 Steel and Copper. 763 Lithography. 764 Chromolithography. 765 Line and Stipple. 766 Mezzotint and Aquatint. 767 Etching. 768 Bank Note and Machine. 769 Collections.
=770 Photography.= 771 Materials. 772 Ambrotype and Daguerreotype. 773 Photograph. 774 Heliotype, Albertype, etc. 775 Photolithography. 776 Stereoscopic. 777 Portrait. 778 Landscape. 779 Collections.
=780 Music.= 781 Theory. 782 Dramatic. 783 Church. 784 Vocal. 785 Instrumental. 786 Piano and Organ. 787 Stringed instruments. 788 Wind instruments. 789 Associations and institutions.
=790 Amusements.= 791 Entertainments. 792 Theatre. 793 In-door amusements. 794 Chess. 795 Other games. 796 Out-door sports. 797 Boating and ball. 798 Horsemanship and racing. 799 Fishing, hunting, shooting.
=800 Literature.= 801 Philosophy. 802 Compends. 803 Dictionaries. 804 Essays. 805 Periodicals. 806 Societies. 807 808 809 History.
=810 Treatises and Collections.= 811 Poetry. 812 Drama. 813 Romance. 814 Essays. 815 Rhetoric and oratory. 816 Letters. 817 Satire. 818 Humor. 819 Miscellany.
=820 English Literature.= 821 English Poetry. 822 English Drama. 823 English Romance. 824 English Essays. 825 English Oratory. 826 English Letters. 827 English Satire. 828 English Humor. 829 English Miscellany.
=830 German Literature.= 831 German Poetry. 832 German Drama. 833 German Romance. 834 German Essays. 835 German Oratory. 836 German Letters. 837 German Satire. 838 German Humor. 839 German Miscellany.
=840 French Literature.= 841 French Poetry. 842 French Drama. 843 French Romance. 844 French Essays. 845 French Oratory. 846 French Letters. 847 French Satire. 848 French Humor. 849 French Miscellany.
=850 Italian Literature.= 851 Italian Poetry. 852 Italian Drama. 853 Italian Romance. 854 Italian Essays. 855 Italian Oratory. 856 Italian Letters. 857 Italian Satire. 858 Italian Humor. 859 Italian Miscellany.
=860 Spanish Literature.= 861 Spanish Poetry. 862 Spanish Drama. 863 Spanish Romance. 864 Spanish Essays. 865 Spanish Oratory. 866 Spanish Letters. 867 Spanish Satire. 868 Spanish Humor. 869 Spanish Miscellany.
=870 Latin Literature.= 871 Latin Poetry. 872 Dramatic. 873 Epic. 874 Lyric. 875 Latin Oratory. 876 Latin Letters. 877 Latin Satire. 878 Latin Philosophy. 879 Latin History.
=880 Greek Literature.= 881 Greek Poetry. 882 Dramatic. 883 Epic. 884 Lyric. 885 Greek Oratory. 886 Greek Letters. 887 Greek Humor. 888 Greek Philosophy. 889 Greek History.
=890 Other Languages.= 891 Chinese. 892 Egyptian. 893 Semitic. 894 Indian. 895 Iranian. 896 Keltic. 897 Slavic. 898 Scandinavian. 899 Other.
=900 History.= 901 Philosophy. 902 Compends, chronology. 903 Dictionaries. 904 Essays. 905 Periodicals. 906 Societies. 907 Education. 908 Charts. 909 Universal Histories.
=910 Geography and Description.= 911 Historical. 912 Ancient. 913 Modern. 914 Europe. 915 Asia. 916 Africa. 917 North America. 918 South America. 919 Oceanica and Polar Regions.
=920 Biography.= 921 Of philosophy. 922 Of theology. 923 Of sociology. 924 Of philology. 925 Of science. 926 Of useful arts. 927 Of fine arts. 928 Of literature. 929 Genealogy and Heraldry.
=930 Ancient History.= 931 Chinese. 932 Egyptian. 933 Jewish. 934 Indian. 935 Persian. 936 Keltic. 937 Roman. 938 Greek. 939 Other.
=940 Europe.= 941 Scotland and Ireland. 942 England. 943 Germany and Austria. 944 France. 945 Italy. 946 Spain and Portugal. 947 Russia. 948 Scandinavia. 949 Other.
=950 Asia.= 951 China. 952 Japan. 953 Arabia. 954 India. 955 Persia. 956 Turkey in Asia. 957 Siberia. 958 Afghanistan. 959 Other.
=960 Africa.= 96l North Africa. 962 Egypt and Nubia. 963 Abyssinia. 964 Morocco. 965 Algeria. 966 Central Africa. 967 Guinea. 968 South Africa. 969 Other.
=970 North America.= 971 British America. 972 Canada. 973 United States and Territories. 974 Eastern. 975 Middle. 976 Southern. 977 Western. 978 Mexico. 979 Other.
=980 South America.= 981 Brazil. 982 Argentine Republic. 983 Chili. 984 Bolivia. 985 Peru. 986 New Granada. 987 Venezuela. 988 Guiana. 989 Other.
=990 Oceanica and Polar Regions.= 991 Malaysia. 992 Sunda. 993 Australasia. 994 Australia. 995 New Guinea. 996 Polynesia. 997 Isolated islands. 998 Arctic regions. 999 Antarctic regions.
* * * * *
Find the subject in this Alphabetical INDEX. The number following it is its Class Number. The entire resources of the library on this subject will be found under this number either in the Subject Catalogue, the Shelf Catalogue, or on the shelves.
Where a class number ends in a cipher, the subject will be found, on reference to the prefixed classification, to be subdivided.
* * * * *
Abolition 326
Aborigines North America 970
Abortion 618
Abyssinia 963
Abyssinia language 493
Academies 378
Academies of science 506
Accounts 657
Acoustics 534
Acrostics 819, 829, 839, etc.
Acts and Resolves 328
Acts of the Apostles 226
Addresses 815, 825, 835, etc.
Administration 350
Administrative law 342
Admiralty Law 346
Adultery 176, 345
Advent, second 236
Aeronautics 533
AEsthetics 701
AEthiopia 966
Afghanistan 958
Africa—–botany 586
customs and costumes 396
description 916
ecclesiastical history 276
geography 916
geology 556
history 960
statistics 316
travels 916
Agricultural chemistry 631
Agriculture 630
Air 533
Alabama 976
Alaska 977
Albania 949
Albertypes 774
Albigenses 272, 944
Alchemy 540
Alcoholic liquors 178, 615, 663
Ales 663
Algae 582
Algebra 512
Algeria 965
Aliens 343
Allegories 819, 829, 839, etc.
Almanacs 528
Almanacs statistical 313
Alphabets 411, 421, 431, etc.
Alphabets ornamental 745-748
Ambassadors 341
Ambrotype 772
America North 970
botany 587
customs and costumes 397
description 917
ecclesiastical history 277
geography 917
geology 557
history 970
statistics 317
travels 917
America South 980
botany 588
customs and costumes 398
description 918
ecclesiastical history 278
geography 918
geology 558
history 980
statistics 318
travels 918
American languages 499
American painting 756
American philosophy 191
American revolution 973
Americanisms 427
Amherst College 378
Amputation 617
Amusements 175, 790
Ana, anagrams 819, 829, 839, etc.
Analysis, chemical 543
Analysis, qualitative 544
Analysis, quantitative 545
Analytical geometry 516
Anatomy, art 743
Anatomy, comparative 591
Anatomy, human 611
Ancient architecture 722
Ancient customs, costumes 391
Ancient design 746
Ancient geography 912
Ancient history 930
Ancient philosophies 180
Ancient sculpture 732
Anecdote, Religious 249
Aneurism 617
Angels 235
Anglican church 283
Angling 799
Anglo-Saxon history 942
Anglo-Saxon language 429
Animal magnetism 134
Animal kingdom 590
Animals, domestic 636
Animalcula 593
Annuities 333
Anonyms 14
Antarctic regions 999
Antarctic regions travels 919
Anthropology 130
Anti-Masonry 366
Antinomianism 234
Antiquities, see subject or country.
Aphorisms 819, 829, 839, etc.
Apocalypse 228
Apocrypha 229
Apologetics 239
Apoplexy 616
Apostles 922
Apostolic church 274-276
Apostolic succession 262
Apothegms 819, 829, 839, etc.
Apparitions 133
Apples 634
=Babylon= 935
Backgammon 795
Baconian philosophy 192
Ball playing 797
Ballads, see Poetry.
Ballooning 533
Banditti 345, 366
Bank Note Engraving 768
Bankrupt laws 343
Banks 332
Baptism 264
Baptists 286
Barbary States 961
Barometer 533, 551
Bas-reliefs 731
Base ball 797
Basque language 499
Basque provinces 946
Baths 613
Bavaria 943
Beauty 701
Beer 663
Bees 638
Beetles 595
Beets 635
Beets sugar 664
Belgium 949
Belles-lettres 800
Bell-ringing 785
Bells 671
Bermudas 971
Bible 220
Bible dictionaries, etc. 220
Bible in schools 377
Bible societies 362
Bibliographies 11
Bibliographies—
Special countries 15
Special forms 12
Special subjects 16
Bibliography 10
Billiards 795
Biography 920
Biology 570
Birds 598
Birds palaeontology 568
Births 312
Blacksmithing 682
Bleaching 667
Blindness 616
Block books 22
Blowpipe 543
Blue laws 343
Boating 797
Boats 797, 699
Bokhara 959
Bolivia 984
Bonds and stocks 333
Bones 611
Books 10, 20
Book binding 10, 25, 686
Book collecting 10
Book keeping 657
=Cabinet= making 684
Calabria 945
Calculators 511
Calculus 517
Caledonia 941
California 977
Calisthenics 613
Caloric 536
Calvinism 234
Cambists 332
Cambria 942
Cameos 736
Canada 972
Canal engineering 626
Canal transit 386
Canary Isles 946
Cancer 616
Canon law 348
Capital and labor 331
Capital punishment 345
Car-building 699
Card-playing 795
Caribbee Islands 989
Caricatures 741
Carpentry 694
Carriage making 684
Carthage 939
Carving 643
Carving and chasing 736
Cashmere 954
Castille 946
Casts 730
Casuistry 171
Catalogues—Authors 18
Catalogues—Books 12-18
Catalogues—Libraries 12-18
Catalogues—Subjects 17
Catarrh 616
Catechisms 241
Cathedrals 726
Catholic Church 282
Cattle 636
Caucuses 324
Cavalry 357
Caves 551
Celibacy 136, 176
Celtic language 496
Celtic literature 896
Celts 936
Cements 693
Cemeteries 719
Censuses 310
Central Africa 966
Central America 979
Ceramic art 673, 738
Cetacea 599
Ceylon 954
Chaldee language 493
Chances 519
Charades 795
Charitable associations 361
Charts, history 908
Chasing 736
Checkers 795
Cheese 637
Chemical agriculture 631
Chemical analysis 543
Chemical technology 660
Chemicals—manufacture 661
Chemistry 540
Chess 794
Childbirth 618
Chili 983
Chimneys 693
China, ancient 931
China, modern 951
Chinese language 491
Chinese literature 891
Chinese religion 299
Chivalry 322
Chloroform 615, 617, 618
Cholera 616
Christ 232
Christian doctrines 230
Christian fathers 270
Christian institutions 260
Christian sects 280
Christianity, evidences 239
Christianity, history 270-289
Christmas customs 390
Christology 232
Chromolithography 764
Chronologies 902
Chronology 529
Church 261
Church architecture 726
Church of England 283
Church fathers 270
Church history 270-289
Church music 783
Church polity 262
Church of Rome 282
Church and state 261, 172, 329
Circassia 947
Circumnavigations 910
Citizenship 342
City transit 388
Civil engineering 620
Civil law 348
=Daguerreotype= 772
Dairy 637
Dancing 793
Danish 498
Darwinism 575
Deaf and dumb institutions 361
Deafness 616
Death 612
Death and resurrection 236
Death penalty 345
Debates 815
Decimal system 511
Decimal weights & measures 389
Decorative art 745-748
Deductive logic 162
Deism 211
Delaware 975
Delusions 133
Democracy 324
Demonology 133
Denmark 948
Denominations, Christian 280
Dentistry 617
Depravity 233, 216
Derangement, mental 132
Descarte’s philosophy 194
Descriptive astronomy 523
Descriptive geometry 744
Design and drawing 740
Design ornamental 745-8
Despotism 321
Detectives 354
Deuteronomy 222
Development theory 575
Devil 235
Devotional theology 240
Dew 551
Dialectics 160
Dialects—
English 427
French 447
German 437
Greek 487
Italian 457
Latin 477
Spanish 467
Diamonds 552
Dictionaries—
comparative 413
English 423
fine art 703
French 443
German 433
Greek 483
history 903
Italian 453
Latin 473
literature 803
natural science 503
philology 403
philosophy 103
science 503
sociology 303
Spanish 463
theology 203
useful arts 603
Didactic theology 241
Die-making 736
Diet 613
Differential calculus 517
Digestion 612
Digests 343
Dining 643
Diphtheria 616
Diplomacy 327, 341
Diplomatics 10, 21
Directories 910
Discipline, education 371
Diseases 616
Disinfection 614
Dispensatories 615
Dissection 611
Dissenters 289, 283
Distillation 663
District of Columbia 976
Divorce 343, l73
Doctrinal history 273
Doctrinal sermons 253
Doctrinal theology 230
Dogs 599, 636
Domestic animals 636
Domestic architecture 728
Domestic economy 640
Domestic and foreign relations 327
Domestic medicine 615
Domestic trade 381
Domestic worship 248
Dominos 795
Drainage 631, 614
Drama, general treatises 812
Drama, English 822
Drama, French 842
Drama, German 832
Drama, Greek 882
Drama, Italian 852
Drama, Latin 872
Drama, Spanish 862
Dramatic amusements 792
Dramatic music 782
Draughts 795
Drawing 740
Drawing-books 741
Dreams 135
Dress 646
Dress making 646
Drives 713
Driving 798
Drugs 615
Druids 299
Duelling 177, 345, 392
Dutch language 439
Dutch painting 753
Dutch Reformed Church 289
Dutch Republic 949
Duties 170
Duties and customs 337
Dyeing 667
Dynamical electricity 537
Dynamical geology 553
Dynamics 531
Dysentery 616
Dyspepsia 616
=Ear= diseases 616
Early Greek philosophy 182
Earth 551
Earth figure of 526
Earthquakes 553
East Indies 954
Easter 244
Eastern church 281
Eastern States 974
Ecclesiastical history 270
Ecclesiastical polity 262
Echinoderms 593
Eclectic medicine 616
Eclectic psychology 148
Eclipses 523
Economy, domestic 640
Economy, political 330
Ecuador 989
Education 370
Education fine arts 707
Education history 907
Education natural sciences 507
Education philology 407
Education philosophy 107
Education science 507
Education theology 207
Education useful arts 607
Educational institutions 378
Educational reports 379
Egypt, ancient 932
Egypt, modern 962
Egyptian language 492
Egyptian literature 892
Election sermons 256
Elections 324
Electricity 537
Electro-magnetism 538
Eleemosynary institutions 361
Elementary education 372
Elgin marbles 733
Elocution 815
Emancipation 326
Embalming 390
Embargo 346, 341
Emblems 219
Embryology 576
Emigration 325
Empirical psychology 144
Enamel painting 751
Encaustic painting 751
Encyclopaedias, general 30
Engineering 620
Engineering instruments 629
England, history 942
English church 283
English dialects 427
English dictionaries 423
English etymology 422
English government 323
English grammar 425
English language 420
English literature 820
English orthography 421
English painting 756
English philology 420
English philosophy 192
English prosody 426
English sculpture 735
English synonyms 424
English texts 428
Engraving 760
Enigmas 819, 829, 839, etc.
Entertainments 791
Enthusiasm 137
Entomology 595
Entozoa 595
Epics 811, 821, 831, etc.
Epics Greek 883
Epics Latin 873
Epicurean philosophy 187
Epidemics 614
Epigrams 819, 829, 839, etc.
Episcopal church 283
Epistles, Bible 227
Epistolography 816, 826, etc.
Epitaphs 929
Equador 989
Equestrian exercise 798
Equipments of armies 355
Equipments of navies 359
Equity 344
Eschatology 236
Esquimaux 979, 998
Essays, English literature 824
Essays, fine arts 704
Essays, French 844
Essays, general treatises 814
Essays, German 834
Essays, history 904
Essays, Italian 854
Essays, literature 804
Essays, natural science 504
Essays, philology 404
Essays, philosophy 104
Essays, political 329
Essays, science 504
Essays, sociology 304
Essays, Spanish 864
Essays, theology 204
Essays, useful arts 604
Etching 767
Etherization 617
Ethics 170
Ethiopia 966
Ethnography 390
Ethnology 572
Etiquette 177
Etruria 937
Etymologies, comparative 412
Etymologies, English 422
Etymologies, French 442
Etymologies, German 432
=Fables= 819, 829, 839, etc.
Facetiae 819, 829, 839, etc.
Fairy tales 813, 823, 833 etc.
Faith 234, 163
Family 173
Family medicines 616
Family worship 247
Fanaticism 133
Farces 828, 838, etc., 791
Farming 630
Farriery 682
Fashion 177
Fasts 244
Fatalism 159
Fathers of the church 270
Fauna 590
Feasts 244
Federalism 324
Female education 376
Female seminaries 378
Fencing 796
Ferns 582
Fetichism 299
Feudal institutions 322
Fevers 616
Fiction, see Romance.
Field books, engineering 629
Field sports 796-799
Figure of the earth 526
Filibusters 363, 345, 978
Final causes 113
Finances 330
Fine arts 700
biography of 927
Finland 947
Finno-Hungarian language 499
Fire arms 355, 683
Fire departments 369
Fire engines 621
Fire insurance 368
Fire works 662
Fishes 597
Fishes palaeontology 567
Fisheries 639
Fishing 799
Flags 929
Flanders 949
Flax 633, 677
Flemish painting 753
Flies 595
Flora 584-589
Florence 945
Florida 976
Flower garden 716, 583
Flowers 580
Fluxions 517
Folk-lore 291-293
Food 643
Foreign missions 267
Foreign relations 327
Foreign trade 382
Forgery 345
Form book 349
Fortification 623
Fortune-telling 133
Fossils 560
Founderies 671
Foundling hospitals 361
Fountains 714
Fowling 799
Fowls 636
Fractures 617
France 944
Franchise 324
Franciscans 271
Franconia 943
Franco-Prussian war 943, 944
Free-hand drawing 741
Freemasonry 366
Free trade 337
Freewill 159
French language 440
French language old 449
French literature 840
French painting 754
French philosophy 194
French revolution 944
French sculpture 735
Fresco painting 751
Friction 531
Friends, Society of 289
Friendship 157
Fruit culture 634
Fuel 644
Funds and funding 336
Funeral sermons 259
Funerals 390
Furniture 645
Future life 218
Future state 237
=Galleries= of art 708
drawing and design 749
engraving 769
painting 759
photography 779
sculpture, etc. 739
Galvanism 537
Gambling 175
Game laws 345
Games 793-7
Gardening 635
Gardening Landscape 710
Gas-fitting 696
Gas lighting 665, 644
Gas making 665
Gastronomy 641
Gauging 389
Gazetteers 910
Gem engraving 736
Gems 549
Genealogy 929
Generation, Spontaneous 577
Genesis 222
Genoa 945
Geodesy 526
Geography 910
Geography Africa 916
Geography ancient 912
Geography Asia 915
Geography Europe 914
Geography historical 911
Geography modern 913
Geography N. America 917
Geography physical 551
Geography S. America 918
Geography travels 910
Geology 550
Geology dynamical 553
Geometry 513
Geometry analytical 516
Georgia 959, 976
German language 430
German language low 439
German literature 830
German painting 753
German philosophy 193
German Reformed Church 289
Germany 943
Ghosts 133
Gipsies 949
Girondists 363, 944
Glaciers 553
Glass 666
Glass painting 751
Glazing 698
Glees 784
Globes, use of 522
Glossaries 413, 423, 433, etc.
Gloves 646, 675, 677
Gnostics 281
God 231
Gold 549, 671
Goniometry 514
Good-Friday 244
Gospels 226
Gothic architecture 723
Goths 943
Gout 616
Government 320
Grace 234
Grafting 634
Grains 633
Grammars, comparative 415
Grammars, English 425
Grammars, French 445
Grammars, German 435
Grammars, Greek 485
Grammars, Italian 455
Grammars, Latin 475
Grammars, Spanish 465
Granada 946
Granges 363
Grape culture 634
Grasses 633
Grasses ornamental 716, 583
Grave-stones 718
Grave-yards 719
Gravitation 531
Great Britain 941, 942
Greece, ancient 938
Greece, modern 949
Greek architecture 722
Greek church 281
Greek commentaries 488
Greek language 480
Greek literature 880
Greek modern 489
Greek mythology 292
Greek philosophy 180, 888
Greek sculpture 733
Greek texts with notes 488
Greek texts without notes 880
Greek translations 880
Greenhouses 583, 635
Greenland 998
Grounds, private 712
Groves 715
Guatemala 979
Guiana 988
Guide books 910
Guillotine 345
Guinea 967
Gun cotton 355, 662
Gunnery 355
Gunpowder 355, 662
Gunsmithery 683
Gutta percha 679
Gymnastics 613
Gypsies 949
=Habeas= corpus 343
Hamiltonian philosophy 192
Harbors 627
Harmony, music 781
Harmony of gospels 226
Harness-making 685
Harpsichord 787
Hasheesh 615
Hats 646
Health 613
Health public 614
Heart diseases 616
Heat 536
Heathen religions 290
Heating 697
Heaven 237
Hebrew history 933
Hebrew language 493
Hedges 715
Hegelian philosophy 193
=Icebergs= 553
Iceland 948
Icelandic language 498
Ichnology 560
Ichthyology 597
Iconography 730
Idealistic psychology 141
Idiocy 132
Idolatry 290
Illumination 745
Imagination 156
Immersion 264, 286
Immigration 325
Immortality 218, 237
Imprisonment for debt 345
Incarnation 232
Income 333
Incunabula 23
India, ancient history 934
India, modern history 954
Indian language 494
Indian literature 894
Indiana 977
Indians, American 970
Indians, American language 499
India-rubber 675
Indoor amusements 793
Induction 161
Inductive logic 161
Industrial drawing 744
Industrial schools 607
Inebriate institutions 364
Infanticide 173, 345
Infantry 356
Infidelity 211
Inoculation 614, 615
Inorganic chemistry 546
Inquisition 272
Insane Hospitals 361
Insanity 132
Inscriptions 417
Insects 595
Inspiration 238
Instincts 158
Institute of France 64
Institutions 360
Institutions educational 378
Institutions Feudal 322
Institutions Monarchic 323
Institutions Musical 789
Institutions of religion 260
Institutions Patriarchal 321
Institutions Republican 324
=Jacobins= 363, 944
Jamaica 979
Jansenism 282
Japan 952
Japanese language 499
Japanning 698
Java 992
Jests 819, 829, 839, etc.
Jesuit missions 266, 282
Jesuits 271, 282
Jesus 232
Jewelry 646, 671
Jews, history 933
John 226
Joinery 694
Journalism 50
Judaism 296
Judgment and future state 237
Junius letters 329
Jurisprudence 340
Jury 342
Justification 234
=Kafirs= 968
Kaleidoscope 536
Kansas 977
Kant’s philosophy 193, 142
Keltic, ancient history 936
Keltic, language 496
Keltic, literature 896
Kentucky 976
Kindergarten 372
Kinematics 531
Kitchen 641
Knighthood 322
Koran 297
=Labor= 331
Laboring classes 331
Labrador 972
Lace-making 677
Lakes, artificial 714
Land surveying 622
Landlord and tenant 333
Landscape gardening 710
Landscape painting 758
Landscape photographs 778
Language 400
Lapland 947, 948
Latin commentaries 488
Latin language 470
Latin literary history 470
Latin literature 870
Latin medieval 479
Latin texts, with notes 488
Latin texts, without notes 870
Latin translations 870
Laundry 648
Law 340
Law of nations 341
Lawns 712
Lawyers’ lives 923
Lead 549, 671
Leather 675
Lectures 815, 825, 835, etc.
Legends 291-293
Legerdemain 133
Legislation 343, 328
Legislative annals 328
Legitimacy 343
Lent 244
Lepidoptera 595
Letter writing 816
Letters 816
Letters—
English 826
French 846
German 836
Greek 886
Italian 856
Latin 876
Spanish 866
Levant 956, 962
Levelling 622
Leviticus 222
Lexicons 413, 423, 433, etc.
Libel 345
Liberty 324
Liberty of press 324
Libraries 19
Library catalogues 17, 18
Library economy 19
=Macaronics= 819, 829, etc.
Machine engraving 768
Machinery 621
Madagascar 969
Madness 132
Magazines 50, 105, 205, etc.
Magic 133
Magnetism 538
Magnetism, animal 134
Magyars 943
Mahometanism 297
Mails 383
Maine 974
Malaria 614
Malayan language 499
Malaysia 991
Malt 663
Malta 949
Mamelukes 962
Mammalia 599
Mammalia, palaeontology 569
Man, doctrine of 233
Man, ethnography 390
Man, natural history of 573
Maniacs 132
Manners and customs 390
Manuals, collectors’ 579
Manufactures 670
Manures 631
Manuscripts 13, 21
Maps 910
Maps, astronomical 524
Marble manufacture 673
Marbles 731
Marine architecture 699
Marine insurance 368
Marine law 346
Marriage, customs 390
Marriage, ethics 173
Maritime law 346
Mark 226
Martial law 347
Martyrs 272
Maryland 976
Mason & Dixon’s line 326
Masonry 693
Masonry, Free 366
Massachusetts 974
Materia medica 615
Materialist 146
Materials, building 691
Maternity 136, 618
Mathematical drawing 744
Mathematical instruments 629
Mathematical tables 514
Mathematics 510
Matthew 226
Mausoleums 718
Maxims 819, 829, 839, etc.
Measles 616
Measures and weights 389
Mechanical drawing 744
Mechanical engineering 621
Mechanical trades 680
Mechanics 531
Mechanics’ associations 606
Medals 737
Mediaeval architecture 723
Mediaeval customs, costumes 392
Mediaeval design 747
Mediaeval history with modern
Mediaeval Latin 479
Mediaeval sculpture 734
Medical botany 615
Medical jurisprudence 343
Medicine 610
Medicine, veterinary 619
Meditations, theology 242
Melodeons 786
Melody 781
Memoirs 920
Memory 154
Mensuration 612
Mental derangement 132
=Names= 929
Narcotics 615
National costumes 390
National customs 390
Natural history 550-590
Natural philosophy 530
Natural science 500
Natural selection 575
Natural theology 210
Naturalization 343, 325
Nature 500
Naval architecture 699
Naval science 359
Navies 359
Navigation 527, 656
Navigation laws 346
Nebraska 977
Necromancers 133
Needle-work 646, 793
Negroes 573, 326
Nepotism 323
Nestorians 281
Netherlands 949
Neuroptera 595
Neutrals 341
Nevada 977
New Brunswick 972
New England 974
New Granada 986
New Guinea 995
New Hampshire 974
New Jersey 975
=Object teaching= 371
Observations, astronomical 525
Obstetrics 618
Ocean transportation 387, 656
Oceanica 990
botany 589
customs and costumes 399
ecclesiastical history 279
geography 919
geology 559
history 990
statistics 319
travels 919
Odd Fellows 366
Odontology 611, 617
Ohio 977
Old French 449
Old Testament 221
Oil manufacture 664
Oil painting 751
Ontology 111
Operas 782
Opium 615
Optics 535
Oracles 133
Oratorios 783
Oratory 815
English 825
French 845
German 835
Greek 885
Italian 855
Latin 875
political 329
sacred 251
Spanish 865
Orchards 634
Orders of architecture 722-724
Ordination sermons 257
Ordnance 355, 683
Oregon 977
Organ 786
Organic chemistry 547
Organic remains 562
Oriental architecture 722
Oriental church 281
Oriental languages 490
Oriental philosophy 181
Origin of language 400
Ornamental botany 583
Ornamental design 745
Ornamental work 745
Ornithology 598
Orphans 361
Orthoepy 411, 421, 431, etc.
Orthography, comparative 411
English 421
French 441
German 431
Greek 481
Italian 451
Latin 471
Spanish 461
Ottoman empire 949, 956
Out-door sports 796-799
Oxford University 378
Oysters 594, 641
=Paganism= 290
Painters’ lives 927
Painting 750, 698
Palaeontology 560
Palestine 956
Pantheism 212
Pantheistic psychology 147
Papacy 282
Paper-hanging 698
Paper manufacture 676
Paper money 332
Papua 995
Paraguay 989
Parchment 10
Parent and child 173
Parish law 343
Parks, public 711
Parliament 324
Parliamentary law 348
Parrots 598
Parseeism 295
Partnership 343
Parturition 618
Passions 157
Pastoral theology 250
Patagonia 989
Patents 608
Pathology 616
Patriarchal institutions 321
Patriotism 172
Patristic philosophy 189
Patronage 177
=Quadrumana= 599
Quadrupeds 599
Quakers 289
Qualitative analysis 544
Quantitative analysis 545
Quarantine 614
Quaternions 518
Quotations 819, 829, etc.
=Race-horse= 798
Races, history 572
Racing 798
Radiates 593
Radiates paleontology 563
Railroad engineering 625
Railroad locomotives 621
Railroads 385
Railways, laws of 343
Rain 551
Rank 322
Rationalism 211, 155
Readers 418, 428, 438, etc.
Reading, art of 815
Reading courses 15, 16
Reading for self-education 374
Real estate law 343
Reason 155
Rebellion, Southern 973
Recipe books 640
Recreation 790
Reformation 274
Reformatory associations 364
Reformatory institutions 364
Reformed church 289
Regeneration 234
Regimen 613
Regulations of armies 355
Regulations of navies 359
Religion and science 215
Religion and sermons 255
Religions, Non-Christian 290
Religious anecdotes 249
Religious associations 362
Religious biography 922
Religious education 377
Religious fiction 249
Religious institutions 362
Religious orders 271
Religious philosophy 201
Remains 560
Rents 333
Repentance 234, 241
Reptiles 598
Reptiles paleontology 568
Republican institutions 324
Resistance of materials 691
Resurrection 236
Retribution 237
Revealed religion 231
Revelation 231
Revenue 336
Reviews, see Periodicals.
Revivals 269
Revolution, American 973
Revolution, French 944
Rhetoric 815
Rhetoric sacred 251
Rhode Island 974
Rhododendron 582
Riddles 819, 829, etc.
Riding 798
Right of search 341
Rights and liberties 342
Riots 343
Ritualism 244
River transportation 387
Rivers 551
Roads 625
Rocky mountains 557, 917
Rodentia 599
Roman antiquities 937
Roman architecture 722
Roman Catholics 282
Roman history, ancient 937
Roman history, modern 945
Roman literature 870
Roman law 348
Roman mythology 292
Roman sculpture 733
Romance 813
English 823
French 843
German 833
Italian 853
Religious 249
Spanish 863
Romanic languages 440-469
Romansh language 459
Rome, ancient 937
Rome, modern 945
Romish church 282
Rope-making 677
Rowing 797
Rubber manufactures 675
Ruminants 599
Rural architecture 728
Rural sports 796
Russia 947
Russian America 977
Russian language 497
=Sabbatarians= 289
Sabbath 263
Sabbath reform 263
Sabbath schools 268
Sacrament of baptism 264
Sacrament of Lord’s Supper 265
Sacred biography 922
Sacred rhetoric 251
Sacrifices 221
Saddlery 685
Sailors 387
St. Domingo 979
Sale catalogues of books 17, 18
Salt manufacture 664
Salvation 234
Sandwich Islands 997
Sanitary commissions 364
Sanitary commissions U.S. 361
Sanitary measures 614
Sanskrit language 494
Sardinia 945
Satan 235
Satire 817
English 827
French 847
German 837
Italian 857
Latin 877
=Tableaux= 791
Tables, dining 643
Tables, mathematical 514
Tachygraphy 653
Tactics 355
Tailoring 687
Takigrafy 653
Tales, see Romance.
Talmud 296
Tanning 675
Tariffs 337
Tartary 951, 959
Taste and criticism 701
Taxation 336
Taxidermy 579
Tea cultivation 633
Teachers and teaching 371
Technology, chemical 660
Teeth 611, 617
Tehuantepec 978
Telegraph 384
Telegraphy 654
Telescope 535, 522
Temperaments 137
Temperance 178
Temperature 551, 536
Templars 366
Tennessee 976
Testacea 594
Testament, New 225
Testament, Old 221
Testamentary law 349
Testimony 349
Texas 976
=Understanding= 153
Uniforms 355
Unitarians 288
United States 324, 973
botany 587
customs and costumes 397
ecclesiastical history 277
geography 917
geology 557
history 973
statistics 317
travels 917
Universal History 909
Universal language 408
Universalism 288
Universities 378
University education 373
Upholstering 645
Uruguay 989
Useful arts 600
biography of 926
Usury 334
Utah 977
=Vases= 738
Vaudois 272, 949
Vegetable physiology 581
Vegetable practice 615
Vegetables 635
Vegetarianism 613
Venereal diseases 616
Venezuela 987
Venice 945
Ventilation 697
Ventriloquism 133
Vermont 974
Versification 811
Vertebrates 596
Vertebrates paleontology 566
Veterinary medicine 619
Villas 728
Violin 787
Virginia 976
Virtue 170
Vision 535
Visions and dreams 135
Vital principle 576, 612
Vocal culture 784, 815
Vocal music 784
Voice 784
Volcanoes 553
Voyages 910
=Wages= 331
Wakefulness 135
Waldenses 272, 945
Wales 942
Walks 713
Wallachian language 459
War ethics 172
War science 355-359
Warehouses 380
Warming 697
Washing 648
Washington territory 977
Watch-making 681
Water, artificial ponds, etc. 714
Water colors 751
Water cure 615
Water wheels 531, 621
Water works 628
Watering-places 613
Wax flowers 745
Wealth 331
Weather 551
Weaving 677
Weights and measures 389
Welsh language 496
West Indies 979
West Virginia 976
Western States 977
Whale 599
Whale fisheries 639
Wheat 633
Whigs 324
Whigs English 323
Whist 795
Will 159
Wills 343
Wind instruments 788
Wine 663
Wisconsin 977
Wit 819, 829, 839, etc.
Witchcraft 133
Woman, education 376
Woman, suffrage 324
Wood engraving 761
Wood manufactures 674
Wool 636
Wool manufactures 677
Working classes 331
Worship 246-248
Writing 651
Writing short-hand 653
=Xylography= 655
=Yachting= 797
Year books 313
Yellow fever 616
Young men’s association 362
=Zend= 295
Zend Avesta 295
Zodiac 521
Zooelogy 590
Zooephytes 593
Zoroaster 295
* * * * *
EXPLANATIONS.
* * * * *
The titles of the subject catalogue are exact transcriptions of the title page, neither amended, translated, or in any way altered, except that mottoes, titles of authors, repetitions, or matter of any kind not essential to a clear titular description, are omitted. Omissions of mottoes are indicated by three stars (* * *); of other matter by three dots (...). The phraseology, spelling, and punctuation of the title are exactly copied; but capitals are given only to proper names and adjectives, and initial words of sentences. Any additions needed to make the title clear are supplied and enclosed by brackets.
After the titles, are given in order: the place of publication; the year; the year of copyright, if different, in brackets; the edition; the number of volumes, or of pages if in only one volume; the illustrations, maps, plates, or portraits; and the size nearest in the arbitrary scale, regardless of the fold of the sheet. This scale gives the heights in decimeters. Square and oblong books have the size prefixed by sq. or ob. Books 1 decimeter high are called 32 deg.; 1.5 deci., 16 deg.; 2 deci., 12 deg.; 2.5 deci., 8 deg.; 3 deci., 4 deg.; and all others are marked simply by the nearest height, i.e. a book marked 4 is between 3.5 and 4.5 decimeters high. In books having more than one pagination the number of pages is indicated by giving the last number of each pagination connected by a +; an added + indicates additional matter unpaged.
These imprint entries give the facts regardless of the title page, and are left blank only when they can be ascertained neither from the book itself or other sources.
The contents of volumes are given when on title pages, or when necessary to properly identify the volume, but no analysis is attempted. Necessary notes are given at the bottom of the subject card after the imprint entries.
Duplicates are simply marked copy 2, copy 3, etc., and bear the same class and book number, but editions of the same book distinct in character are catalogued separately.
In all the catalogues, books are entered under the surnames of authors when known; under the initials of author’s names, when these only appear, the last initial being put first; under the pseudonyms of the writers, when the real names are not ascertained; under the names of editors of collections; under the names of countries, cities, societies, or other bodies which are responsible for their publication; under the first word not an article of the titles of periodicals and of anonymous books the names of whose authors are not ascertained. Commentaries with the text, and translations are entered under the heading of the original work, but commentaries without the text are entered under the name of the commentator. The Bible or any part of it in any language is entered under the word Bible. Books having more than one author are entered under the first named on the title.
In the headings of titles, the names of authors are given in their vernacular form. In English and French surnames beginning with a prefix (except the French de and d’) the name is recorded under the prefix. In other languages and in French names beginning with de and d’, the name is recorded under the word following the prefix. Compound surnames are entered under the first part of the name. Noblemen and ecclesiastical dignitaries are entered under their family names, but sovereigns, princes, oriental writers, friars, persons canonized, and all other persons known only by their first name, are entered under this first name.
The catalogue is not a biographical dictionary, so only gives the names of authors with sufficient fullness to distinguish them from each other in practical use.
Names in =full face type= are the ruling headings under which the books are entered in the various catalogues. Entries not beginning with this type are in addition to the first or main entry, and are made under the names of translators, editors, commentators, continuators, etc., as participators in the authorship; also in the case of books having more than one author, or having both generic and specific titles, or published by societies or other bodies, and having also the name of the individual author. These additional entries are made in order to carry out the plan of the Authors’ Catalogue, which aims to give under each author’s name all his works which the library contains.
The works of an author known by more than one name are given all together, under the form of name chosen. Any other name or title by which he may be known, if it differs in the first three letters, is entered in its alphabetical place, followed by the word see and the name under which the books are entered. Such cross references have no titles given under them, but are simply guides to the name chosen.
A single dash indicates the omission of the preceding heading; a subsequent dash indicates the omission of a subordinate heading or of a title. A dash connecting numbers signifies to and including; following a number it signifies continuation. A ? following a word or entry signifies probably. Brackets enclose words added to titles or changed in form.
The German diphthongs ae, oe, ue are written, ae, oe, ue.
Dates are all given in years of the common calendar, and Arabic numerals are uniformly used for all numbers.
The Subject Catalogue on large cards can be used to advantage only with the aid of the Classification or Index. To find what the library has on any given subject, get from the Index the class number of that subject. Under this number in the Subject Catalogue will be found the full titles of the books, with imprints, cross references, and notes. The class number, by which the cards are arranged, is given in the upper left corner and immediately under it is the book number. Any other class number given in the left hand margin refers to another subject of which the book also treats. When the class number at the top is followed by an additional figure in brackets, the subject as given in the printed scheme has been subdivided in arranging the cards. This subdivision will be found on the first card of the catalogue which bears this class number. These figures in brackets determine the arrangement of the titles in the Catalogue, but on the shelves, in the Shelf Catalogue, and in calling for and charging books, they are entirely disregarded. Thus a book numbered 942(7).14 would be in the Catalogue among the 942 cards arranged by the figure in brackets as though it were a decimal, but it would be called for as 942.14, the brackets indicating that the final classing was limited to the Catalogue and was not extended to the shelves. If a fourth figure is added without brackets, the final classing is extended to the shelves as well as to the catalogue, and all the figures must be used in calling for the book. In such cases the added figure is treated as a decimal in the arrangement, though the decimal point is not written.
The last card which bears any class number, gives under that number, followed by the word SEE the call numbers of other books which treat of the same subject, but are classed elsewhere. General cross references are also made in many cases without specifying individual books, as from Commerce as a question of SOCIAL SCIENCE (380) to Commerce as a USEFUL ART, Book-keeping Business Manuals, etc. (650). In such cases there is a card under 380 marked SEE 650, and under 650 there is a card marked SEE 380. From whatever stand-point a subject is approached, the cross references guide at once to the same subject treated in its other relations. These cross references both general and specific are often accompanied by brief notes, characterizing the books to which reference is made.
There will be found at the beginning of many class numbers, a card noting the most reliable books on that subject, and the best of the articles in periodicals, transactions, and collected works with the volume and page where they may be found. It is hoped to give special prominence to these notes for the guidance of readers, and they will be added as rapidly as other duties allow.
Many subjects will have no sub-section cards at the beginning; some will have no reference cards at the end; and some may have no titles given under the number. The scheme provides a place for books on all subjects, whether the library has them or not, so where no titles are given under a class number it shows that the library has as yet no books on that subject.
Articles in periodicals and transactions, separate volumes of sets and collections which are located together, if catalogued are put under their proper subject number, but no book number is given with it. The call number of the book, where they may be found, is always given in the margin preceded by the word IN. In the same way special chapters in books will sometimes be catalogued, e.g. a card marked 338 IN 331-27, would mean that in the 27 books on 331, Capital and Labor, there was a chapter on 338, Production.