The operations of combing and splitting as performed in both the breaker and finisher card are obviously due to the circular movement of the pins since all these (with the single exception of those in the draw-head mechanism of certain finisher cards) are carried on the peripheries of rotating rollers.  In the draw-head mechanism, the pins move, while in contact with the fibres, in a rectilinear or straight path.  In the machines which fall to be discussed in this chapter, viz., the “drawing frames,” the action of the pins on the slivers from the finisher card is also in a straight path; as a matter of fact, the draw-head of a finisher card is really a small drawing frame, as its name implies.  Moreover, each row or rather double row, of pins is carried separately by what is termed a “faller.”  The faller as a whole consists of three parts: 

        1.  A long iron or steel rod with provision for being
        moved in a closed circuit.

        2.  Pour or six brass plates, termed “gills” or
        “stocks,” fixed to the rod.

3.  A series of short pins (one row sometimes about 1/8 in. shorter than the second row), termed gill or hackle pins, and set perpendicularly in the above gills.

The numbers of fallers used is determined partly by the particular method of operating the fallers, but mostly by the length of the fibre.  The gill pins in the fallers are used to restrain the movements of the fibres between two important pairs of rollers.  There are actually about four sets of rollers from front to back of a drawing frame; one set of three rollers constitute the “retaining” rollers; then comes the drawing roller and its large pressing roller; immediately after this pair is the “slicking” rollers, and the last pair is the delivery rollers.  The delivery rollers of one type of drawing frame, called the “push-bar” drawing frame, and made by Messsrs.  Douglas Fraser & Sons, Ltd., Arbroath, are seen distinctly in Fig. 17, and the can or cans into which the slivers are ultimately delivered are placed immediately below one or more sections of these rollers and in the foreground of the illustration.  The large pressing rollers, which are in contact with the drawing roller, occupy the highest position in the machine and near the centre of same.  Between these rollers and the retaining rollers are situated the above-mentioned fallers with their complements of gill pins, forming, so to speak, a field of pins.

Each sliver, and there maybe from four to eight or more in a set, is led from its sliver can at the far side of the machine to the sliver guide and between the retaining rollers.  Immediately the slivers leave the retaining rollers they are penetrated by the gill pins of a faller which is rising from the lower part of its circuit to the upper and active position.  Each short length of slivers is penetrated by the pins of a rising faller, these coming up successively