REDUNDANT PRONOUNS.—­A vulgarism not often seen in writing, but common in conversation, consists in the use of an unnecessary pronoun after the subject of a sentence.  Thus,

  Teacher:  Who was Benjamin Franklin?
  Pupil:  Benjamin Franklin, he was a great American philosopher and
  statesman.

CHAPTER V.

OF VERBS

CORRECT and INCORRECT FORMS.[64]—­It is not enough to learn by heart the “principal parts” of a verb; the habit of using them correctly should be acquired.  The following verb-forms are often misused:—­

Present.  Past Indicative.  Past Participle.

awake (intransitive)         awoke             awaked
begin                        began             begun
beseech                      besought          besought
blow                         blew              blown
bid ("to order,” “to greet”) bAefde              bidden or bid
bid (at auction)             bid               bidden or bid
break                        broke             broken[65]
burst                        burst             burst
choose                       chose             chosen
come                         came              come
dive                         dived             dived
do                           did               done
drive                        drove             driven
eat                          ate               eaten
flee                         fled              fled
fly                          flew              flown
freeze                       froze             frozen
forget                       forgot            forgotten
get                          got               got[66]
go                           went              gone
hang                         hung, hanged[67]   hung, hanged[67]
lay ("to cause to lie”)      laid              laid
lie ("to recline”)           lay               lain
plead                        pleaded           pleaded
prove                        proved            proved[68]
ride                         rode              ridden
rise (intransitive)          rose              risen
raise (transitive)           raised            raised
run                          ran               run
see                          saw               seen
set  ("to put”; of the sun,  set               set
moon, etc., “to sink”)
sit                          sat               sat
shake                        shook             shaken
shoe                         shod              shod
show                         showed            shown
speak                        spoke             spoken
slay                         slew              slain
steal                        stole             stolen
take                         took              taken
throw                        threw             thrown
wake (transitive)            woke              waked
write                        wrote             written

In using the verbs drink, ring, shrink, sing, sink, spring, swim, it seems better to confine the forms in “a” to the preterite tense, and the forms in “u” to the past participle:  as, “The bell rang five minutes ago”; “Yes, the bell has rung."[69]