their way to forego, or he to forgive.  Yet he was, it must be confessed, a very trying leader.  His cloudy eloquence would not do for human nature’s daily food.  His opponents, Atkinson and Hall, had not a tithe of his emotional power, but their facts and figures riddled his fine speeches.  Stout and Ballance, lieutenants of talent and character, became estranged from him; others of his friends were enough to have damned any government.  The leader of a colonial party must have certain qualities which Sir George Grey did not possess.  He may dispense with eloquence, but must be a debater; whether able or not able to rouse public meetings, he must know how to conduct wearisome and complicated business by discussion; he must not only have a grasp of great principles, but readiness to devote himself to the mastery of uninteresting minds and unappetizing details; above all, he must be generous and considerate to lieutenants who have their own views and their own followers, and who expect to have their full share of credit and influence.  In one word, he should be what Ballance was and Grey was not.  Nevertheless, one of Grey’s courage, talent, and prestige was not likely to fail to leave his mark upon the politics of the country; nor did he.  Though he failed to pass the reforms just mentioned, he had the satisfaction of seeing them adopted and carried into law, some by his opponents, some by his friends.  Only one of his pet proposals seems to have been altogether lost sight of, his oft-repeated demand that the Governor of the Colony should be elected by the people.

The Grey Ministry had committed what in a Colonial Cabinet is the one unpardonable crime—­it had encountered a commercial depression, with its concomitant, a shrunken revenue.  When Hall and Atkinson succeeded Grey with a mission to abolish the land-tax, they had at once to impose a different but more severe burden.  They also reduced—­for a time—­the cost of the public departments by the rough-and-ready method of knocking ten per cent. off all salaries and wages paid by the treasury, a method which, applied as it was at first equally to low and high, had the unpopularity as well as the simplicity of the poll-tax.  That retrenchment and fresh taxation were unpleasant necessities, and that Hall and Atkinson more than once tackled the disagreeable task of applying them, remains true and to their credit.

Between 1880 and 1890 the colonists were for the most part resolutely at work adapting themselves to the new order of things—­to lower prices and slower progress.  They increased their output of wool and coal—­the latter a compensation for the falling-off of the gold.  They found in frozen meat an export larger and more profitable than wheat.  Later on they began, with marked success, to organize co-operative dairy factories and send cheese and butter to England.  Public affairs during the decade resolved themselves chiefly into a series of expedients for filling the treasury and carrying on the work of land settlement.  Borrowing went on, but more and more slowly.  Times did not soon get better.