equipment, however, for his private reading and studies carried him far beyond the limits of the regular curriculum.  After leaving the University he spent seven years as family tutor in Switzerland and in Frankfurt-on-the-Main.  Soon after, in 1801, we find him as Privat-Docent; then, in 1805, as professor at the University of Jena.  His academic activities were interrupted by the battle of Jena.  For the next two years we meet him as an editor of a political journal at Bamberg, and from 1808 to 1816 as rector of the Gymnasium at Nuremberg.  He was then called to a professorship of philosophy at Heidelberg.  In 1818 he was called to Berlin to fill the vacancy left by the death of Fichte.  From this time on until his death in 1831, he was the recognized dictator of one of the most powerful philosophic schools in the history of thought.

It is no easy task to convey an adequate idea of Hegel’s philosophy within the limits of a short introduction.  There is, however, one central thought animating the vast range of his whole philosophic system which permits of non-technical statement.  This thought will be more easily grasped, if we consider first the well-known concept of permanence and change.  They may be said to constitute the most fundamental distinction in life and in thought.  Religion and poetry have always dwelt upon their tragic meaning.  That there is nothing new under the sun and that we are but “fair creatures of an hour” in an ever-changing world, are equally sad reflections.  Interesting is the application of the difference between permanence and change to extreme types of temperament.  We may speak loosely of the “static” and the “dynamic” temperaments, the former clinging to everything that is traditional, conservative, and abiding in art, religion, philosophy, politics, and life; the latter everywhere pointing to, and delighting in, the fluent, the novel, the evanescent.  These extreme types, by no means rare or unreal, illustrate the deep-rooted need of investing either permanence or change with a more fundamental value.  And to the value of the one or the other, philosophers have always endeavored to give metaphysical expression.

[Illustration:  SCHLIESINGER Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]

Some thinkers have proclaimed change to be the deepest manifestation of reality, while others have insisted upon something abiding behind a world of flux.  The question whether change or permanence is more essential arose early in Greek philosophy.  Heraclitus was the first one to see in change a deeper significance than in the permanence of the Eleatics.  A more dramatic opposition than the one which ensued between the Heracliteans and the Eleatics can scarcely be imagined—­both schools claiming a monopoly of reason and truth, both distrusting the senses, and each charging the other with illusion.  Now the significance of Hegel’s philosophy can be grasped only when we bear in mind that it was just this profound distinction between the permanent and the changing that Hegel sought to understand and to interpret.  He saw more deeply into the reality of movement and change than any other philosopher before or after him.