said openly that Christ and His saints were asleep”; in 1141 Matilda won the battle of Lincoln and for a few months ruled the country, but “as much too harsh as Stephen was too lenient,” she rapidly became unpopular, and Stephen was soon again in the ascendant; the successes of Henry, son of Matilda, led in 1153 to the treaty of Wallingford, by which it was arranged that Stephen should retain the crown for life, while Henry should be his heir; both joined in suppressing the turbulent barons and the “Adulterine Castles”; more fortunately circumstanced, Stephen had many qualities which might have made him a popular and successful king (1105-1154).

STEPHEN, the name of nine popes; S. I., Pope from 253 to 257, signalised by his zeal against the heresies of his time; S. II., Pope from 752 to 757, in whose reign, under favour of Pepin le Bref, began the temporal power of the Popes; S. III., Pope from 768 to 772, sanctioned the worship of saints and images; S. IV., Pope from 816 to 817; S. V., Pope from 885 to 891, distinguished for his charity; S. VI., Pope from 896 to 897, strangled after a reign of 18 months; S. VII., Pope from 829 to 831, entirely under the control of his mistresses; S. VIII., pope from 939 to 942; S. IX., Pope from 1057 to 1058, vigorously opposed the sale of benefices and the immorality of the clergy.

STEPHEN, GEORGE, archaeologist, born in Liverpool; settled in Sweden, and became professor of English in Copenhagen; his great work entitled “Old Northern Runic Monuments of Scandinavia and England”; b. 1813.

STEPHEN, JAMES, slavery abolitionist, born in Dorsetshire; held a post in the West Indies; wrote “Slavery in the British West Indies,” an able book; had sons more or less distinguished in law and law practice (1759-1832).

STEPHEN, LESLIE, man of letters, born at Kensington, educated at Eton and Trinity Hall, Cambridge, of which he became a Fellow; became editor of the Cornhill and of the first 26 volumes of the “Dictionary of National Biography”; is the author of “Hours in a Library” and “History of English Thought in the Eighteenth Century,” books that have produced a deep impression; has also produced several biographies, distinguished at once by accuracy, elegance, and critical acumen; b. 1832.

STEPHEN, ST., protomartyr of the Christian Church, who was (Acts vii.) stoned to death in A.D. 33; his death is a frequent subject of the old painters, the saint himself being less frequently depicted, but when so he is represented usually in a deacon’s dress, bearing a stone in one hand and a palm-branch in the other, or both hands full of stones.

STEPHENS, JAMES, Fenian conspirator, born in Kilkenny; became “Head Centre,” and zealous in the Fenian cause both in Ireland and America; was arrested in Dublin, but escaped; found his way to New York, but was deposed, and has sunk out of sight; b. 1824.

STEPHEN’S, ST., the Parliament House of Westminister, distinguished from St. James’s, which denotes the Court, as Downing Street does the Government.