[207] Th.  Noeldeke, Geschichte der Perser und Araber zur Zeit der Sassaniden, aus der arabischen Chronik des Tabari uebersetzt (Leyden, 1879), pp. 33-38.  I have to thank my friend Professor A.A.  Bevan for pointing out to me this passage.  Many ancient cities had talismans on the preservation of which their safety was believed to depend.  The Palladium of Troy is the most familiar instance.  See Chr.  A. Lobeck, Aglaophamus (Koenigsberg, 1829), pp. 278 sqq., and my note on Pausanias, viii. 47. 5 (vol. iv. pp. 433 sq.).

[208] J. Mergel, Die Medezin der Talmudisten (Leipsic and Berlin, 1885), pp. 15 sq.

[209] Maimonides, quoted by D. Chwolsohn, Die Ssabier und der Ssabismus (St. Petersburg, 1856), ii. 483.  According to the editor (p. 735) by the East Maimonides means India and eastern countries generally.

[210] L’abbe Bechara Chemali, “Naissance et premier age au Liban,” Anthropos, v. (1910) p. 735.

[211] Eijub Abela, “Beitraege zur Kenntniss aberglaeubischer Gebraeuche in Syrien,” Zeitschrift des deutschen Palaestina-Vereins, vii. (1884) p. 111.

[212] J. Chalmers, “Toaripi,” Journal of the Anthropological Institute, xxvii. (1898) p. 328.

[213] W. Crooke, Tribes and Castes of the North-Western Provinces and Qudh (Calcutta, 1896), ii. 87.

[214] W. Crooke, in North Indian Notes and Queries, i. p. 67, Sec. 467 (July, 1891).

[215] L.K.  Anantha Krishna Iyer, The Cochin Tribes and Castes, i.  (Madras, 1909) pp. 201-203.  As to the seclusion of menstruous women among the Hindoos, see also Sonnerat, Voyage aux Indes Orientates et a la Chine (Paris, 1782), i. 31; J.A.  Dubois, Moeurs, Institutions et Ceremonies des Peuples de l’Inde (Paris, 1825), i. 245 sq. Nair women in Malabar seclude themselves for three days at menstruation and prepare their food in separate pots and pans.  See Duarte Barbosa, Description of the Coasts of East Africa and Malabar in the beginning of the Sixteenth Century (Hakluyt Society, London, 1866), pp. 132 sq.

[216] G. Hoffman, Auszuege aus Syrischen Akten persisischer Martyrer uebersetzt (Leipsic, 1880), p. 99.  This passage was pointed out to me by my friend Professor A.A.  Bevan.

[217] J.B.  Tavernier, Voyages en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes (The Hague, 1718), i. 488.

[218] Paul Giran, Magie et Religion Annamites (Paris, 1912), pp. 107 sq., 112.

[219] Joseph Gumilla, Histoire Naturelle, Civile, et Geographique de l’Orenoque (Avignon, 1758), i. 249.

[220] Dr. Louis Plassard, “Les Guaraunos et le delta de l’Orenoque,” Bulletin de la Societe de Geographie (Paris), v.  Serie, xv. (1868) p. 584.

[221] J. Crevaux, Voyages dans l’Amerique du Sud (Paris, 1883), p. 526.  As to the customs observed at menstruation by Indian women in South America, see further A. d’Orbigny, L’Homme Americain (Paris, 1839), i. 237.