[Parallel belief in magic sympathy between the animal shape of a were-wolf and his or her ordinary human shape:  by wounding the wolf you simultaneously wound the man or woman.]

This explanation of the reason for burning a bewitched animal, dead or alive, is confirmed by the parallel belief concerning were-wolves.  It is commonly supposed that certain men and women can transform themselves by magic art into wolves or other animals, but that any wound inflicted on such a transformed beast (a were-wolf or other were-animal) is simultaneously inflicted on the human body of the witch or warlock who had transformed herself or himself into the creature.  This belief is widely diffused; it meets us in Europe, Asia, and Africa.  For example, Olaus Magnus tells us that in Livonia, not many years before he wrote, a noble lady had a dispute with her slave on the subject of were-wolves, she doubting whether there were any such things, and he maintaining that there were.  To convince her he retired to a room, from which he soon appeared in the form of a wolf.  Being chased by the dogs into the forest and brought to bay, the wolf defended himself fiercely, but lost an eye in the struggle.  Next day the slave returned to his mistress in human form but with only one eye.[758] Again, it happened in the year 1588 that a gentleman in a village among the mountains of Auvergne, looking out of the window one evening, saw a friend of his going out to hunt.  He begged him to bring him back some of his bag, and his friend said that he would.  Well, he had not gone very far before he met a huge wolf.  He fired and missed it, and the animal attacked him furiously, but he stood on his guard and with an adroit stroke of his hunting knife he cut off the right fore-paw of the brute, which thereupon fled away and he saw it no more.  He returned to his friend, and drawing from his pouch the severed paw of the wolf he found to his horror that it was turned into a woman’s hand with a golden ring on one of the fingers.  His friend recognized the ring as that of his own wife and went to find her.  She was sitting by the fire with her right arm under her apron.  As she refused to draw it out, her husband confronted her with the hand and the ring on it.  She at once confessed the truth, that it was she in the form of a were-wolf whom the hunter had wounded.  Her confession was confirmed by applying the severed hand to the stump of her arm, for the two fitted exactly.  The angry husband delivered up his wicked wife to justice; she was tried and burnt as a witch.[759] It is said that a were-wolf, scouring the streets of Padua, was caught, and when they cut off his four paws he at once turned into a man, but with both his hands and feet amputated.[760] Again, in a farm of the French district of Beauce, there was once a herdsman who never slept at home.  These nocturnal absences naturally attracted attention and set people talking.  At the same time, by a curious coincidence, a wolf used to prowl round the